×
Meet Civic Sage
Ask real questions about politics—and get clear, factual answers.
Civic Sage pulls directly from
Vote Smart's verified, nonpartisan research.
No opinions. No spin. Just trusted context.
Built with boundaries, on purpose
So you get facts you can trust.
You can ask about:
Your representatives & their biographies
Voting records, legislation, & ballots
Special interest groups & political influence
How government works
Start Chatting
Learn More
HAVE OUR BACKS
Sign Up
Already Registered?
face
lock_outline
×
Sign Up
Already Registered?
face
lock_outline
THE FACTS
BIO
BIO
VOTES
VOTES
POSITIONS
POSITIONS
RATINGS
RATINGS
Donate
No Thank You
OFFICIALS
LEGISLATION
INTEREST GROUPS
PUBLIC STATEMENTS
COMMITTEES
VETOES
Public Statements
Reset All Filters
Office
Congressional
Presidential
Congressional
Gubernatorial
State Legislative
Federal Judicial
Statewide
State Judicial
State
South Carolina
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
National
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Issue
Foreign Affairs
All Issues
Abortion
Agriculture and Food
Animals and Wildlife
Arts, Entertainment, and History
Budget, Spending and Taxes
Business and Consumers
Business, Consumers, and Employees
Campaign Finance
Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
Conservative
Constitution
Criminal Justice
Death Penalty
Defense
Drugs
Economy and Fiscal
Education
Elections
Employment and Affirmative Action
Energy
Entitlements and the Safety Net
Environment
Executive Branch
Family
Federal, State and Local Relations
Finance and Banking
Fiscally Conservative
Fiscally Liberal
Food Processing and Sales
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Aid
Gambling and Gaming
Government Budget and Spending
Government Operations
Guns
Health Insurance
Health and Health Care
High Priority
Higher Education
Housing and Property
Ideology
Immigration
Impartial/Nonpartisan
Indigenous Peoples
Industries
Infrastructure
Issues
Judicial Branch
K-12 Education
Labor Unions
Legal
Legislative Branch
Liberal
Low Priority
Marijuana
Marriage
Military Personnel
Minors and Children
Monetary Policy
National Security
Natural Resources
Oil and Gas
Populations
Priorities
Religion
Reproduction
Science
Science, Technology and Communication
Senior Citizens
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Social
Socially Conservative
Socially Liberal
Stem Cell Research
Taxes
Technology and Communication
Trade
Transportation
Unemployed and Low-Income
Veterans
Women
Limit results to:
Officials
Candidates
Date Range
Start Date
End Date
Apply
Keyword Search
enter search term
Search string must be longer than 3 characters.
Page 16 of 30
chevron_left
16
17
18
19
20
chevron_right
results per page:
75
75
50
25
Date
Title
Politician
July 19, 2016
Letter to the Hon. Michael Froman, United States Trade Representative - Canadian Softwood Lumber
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
July 15, 2016
Wilson Statement on Nice Terror Attack
Rep. Joe Wilson
July 14, 2016
One Year of the Dangerous Iran Nuclear Deal
Rep. Joe Wilson
July 13, 2016
Immigration
Rep. Ralph Norman
July 13, 2016
Veterans
Rep. Ralph Norman
July 13, 2016
Speaker Ryan's ``A Better Way'' Agenda
Rep. Joe Wilson
July 11, 2016
Letter to Barack Obama, President of the United States - Senators Collins, Nelson Lead Bipartisan Letter Urging Administration to Preserve Maximum Strength of Sanctions Until Iran Abandons Its Illicit, Non-Nuclear Activities
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
July 8, 2016
Wilson Appointed to NDAA Conference Committee
Rep. Joe Wilson
July 7, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce TRUST Act to Revoke Secretary Clinton's Security Clearance
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
July 6, 2016
Scott Votes to Stop Sanctuary Cities, Supports Efforts to Keep Americans Safe
Sen. Tim Scott
July 6, 2016
Scott Statement on No Charges Filed Against Clinton
Sen. Tim Scott
July 5, 2016
Scott Statement on FBI Findings Regarding Hillary Clinton
Sen. Tim Scott
June 28, 2016
Senator Scott Statement on Benghazi Report
Sen. Tim Scott
June 28, 2016
Wilson Statement on Benghazi Committee Report
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 28, 2016
Congressman Joe Wilson (SC-02) issued the following statement after the House Select Committee on Benghazi released their final report: "I applaud the work of Chairman Trey Gowdy and the rest of the House Select Committee on Benghazi for their dedicated, fact-driven investigation into the murders of four Americans. From the Committee's thorough and dedicated work, it is clear--former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton should have realized the risks to the mission in Benghazi and its personnel, and I am grateful that the truth is being revealed, despite intentional roadblocks and delays to deceive the American people. Trey Gowdy's persistance of the truth has been inspiring."
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 24, 2016
The Truth about Guantanamo Bay
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 24, 2016
Standing AGAINST Iran and WITH Israel
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 23, 2016
Wilson Statement on U.S. v. Texas
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 23, 2016
Senator Scott: Supreme Court Stops Obama's Executive Overreach on Immigration
Sen. Tim Scott
June 21, 2016
Islamic Terrorist Global Threat
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 14, 2016
Scott Votes to Keep Gitmo Open, Raise Pay for our Troops, Keep MOX Running
Sen. Tim Scott
June 13, 2016
Guantanamo Detainees Who Have Been Released Kill Americans
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 10, 2016
Appreciating Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Rep. Joe Wilson
June 7, 2016
Speaker Ryan's ``A Better Way'' Agenda
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 26, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce Bill to Temporarily Stop Gitmo Transfers
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
May 24, 2016
Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 20, 2016
Letter to Chairman Meredith Broadbent, International Trade Commission - Combat Illegal Trade
Rep. Jim Clyburn, ...
May 19, 2016
Wilson Statement on House Passage of FY 2017 NDAA
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 18, 2016
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 17, 2016
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 17, 2016
President Not Correct
Rep. Joe Wilson
May 4, 2016
Letter to President Obama - Calling on President Obama to Keep Sudan Humanitarian Crisis a High Priority
Rep. Jim Clyburn, ...
May 3, 2016
Scott Reacts to News of Beaufort's 131st Military Police Co. Being Deployed to Guantanamo Bay
Sen. Tim Scott
April 28, 2016
Senator Scott Welcomes Gov. Haley's Testimony on Guantanamo
Sen. Tim Scott
April 25, 2016
Letter to the Honorable Barack Obama, President of the United States - Regarding Security Assistance to Israel
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
April 21, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Markup of FY 2017 National Defense Authorization Act
Rep. Joe Wilson
April 19, 2016
Only Congress Can Write Laws
Rep. Joe Wilson
April 14, 2016
A Seven-Page Plan Will Not Work
Rep. Joe Wilson
April 5, 2016
Senator Scott Joins Ayotte Bill to Stop President Obama from Emptying Out Gitmo
Sen. Tim Scott
April 4, 2016
Senator Scott Joins Amicus Brief Challenging Obama Administration's Executive Action on Immigration
Sen. Tim Scott
March 23, 2016
Senator Scott Statement on Administration Admitting Transferred Gitmo Detainees Have Killed Americans
Sen. Tim Scott
March 22, 2016
Wilson Statement on Brussels Terror Attack
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 22, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Fiscal Year 2017 Information Technology and Cyber Programs: Foundations for a Secure Warfighting Network."
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 22, 2016
President's Bizarre Trip to Cuba
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 21, 2016
Cuban Military Enriched
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 16, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for U.S. Cyber Command: Preparing for Operations in the Cyber Domain."
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 16, 2016
ISIL-Daesh Chemical Attacks
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 15, 2016
Wilson: House Calls ISIL Atrocities Genocide
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 10, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce Resolution to Detain ISIL Fighters in Guantanamo
Sen. Tim Scott
March 10, 2016
Senators Introduce Resolution to Detain ISIL Fighters in Guantanamo
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
March 8, 2016
Scott Resolution Puts Senate on Record Opposing Transfer of GITMO Detainees
Sen. Tim Scott
March 8, 2016
Scott Statement on Report that Increased Number of Released Gitmo Detainees Returning to Terrorism
Sen. Tim Scott
March 1, 2016
Keep Terrorists At Guantanamo
Rep. Joe Wilson
March 1, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Special Operations Forces in an Evolving Threat Environment: A Review of the Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for U.S. Special Operations Command"
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 25, 2016
President Obama is Ignoring the Law
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 24, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Department of Defense (DOD) Fiscal Year 2017 Science and Technology Programs: Defense Innovation to Create the Future Military Force"
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 24, 2016
Closing Guantanamo
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 23, 2016
Wilson Statement on POTUS Plan to Close Guantanamo
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 23, 2016
Scott on White House Gitmo Plan: Reckless and Illegal
Sen. Tim Scott
Feb. 22, 2016
Senators Roberts, Scott & Gardner Statement on Administration's Plan to Close Guantanamo Bay
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
Feb. 12, 2016
North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2016
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 10, 2016
Blue Ribbon Study Panel
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 10, 2016
Senator Scott Votes for Strong Sanctions on North Korea Following Missile Launch
Sen. Tim Scott
Feb. 10, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Department of Defense (DoD) Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) Policy and Programs for Fiscal Year 2017"
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 4, 2016
Bipartisan Group of Senators Keep Lifesaving Coast Guard Facilities Open in South Carolina and Oregon
Sen. Tim Scott
Feb. 4, 2016
Letter to the Honorable Penny Pritzker, Secretary of Commerce - Action Against Surge in Cheap Steel Imports from Turkey
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
Feb. 3, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Outside Views on Biodefense for the Department of Defense"
Rep. Joe Wilson
Feb. 2, 2016
Iranian Nuclear Deal Supports Terrorism
Rep. Joe Wilson
Jan. 29, 2016
Scott on Obama Appointee's Decision to Reverse Former VA Senior Official's Demotion
Sen. Tim Scott
Jan. 20, 2016
Scott Votes to Ensure Terrorists and Foreign Fighters Don't Exploit Refugee Program
Sen. Tim Scott
Jan. 15, 2016
Scott, Roberts, Gardner Stand United Against Transferring Terrorists to Any Domestic Location
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
Jan. 14, 2016
Letter to the Hon. John Kerry, Secretary of State - Reconsider your Alignment with Iran
Rep. Joe Wilson, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Letter to Barack Obama, President of the United States - Demanding End to Immigration Raids
Rep. Jim Clyburn, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Senators Roberts, Scott & Gardner to Sit Together at SOTU in Unified Opposition to President's GITMO Plan
Sen. Tim Scott, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Wilson Responds to the State of the Union
Rep. Joe Wilson
Date
Title
Politician
July 19, 2016
Letter to the Hon. Michael Froman, United States Trade Representative - Canadian Softwood Lumber
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
July 15, 2016
Wilson Statement on Nice Terror Attack
Rep.Joe Wilson
July 14, 2016
One Year of the Dangerous Iran Nuclear Deal
Rep.Joe Wilson
July 13, 2016
Immigration
Rep.Ralph Norman
July 13, 2016
Veterans
Rep.Ralph Norman
July 13, 2016
Speaker Ryan's ``A Better Way'' Agenda
Rep.Joe Wilson
July 11, 2016
Letter to Barack Obama, President of the United States - Senators Collins, Nelson Lead Bipartisan Letter Urging Administration to Preserve Maximum Strength of Sanctions Until Iran Abandons Its Illicit, Non-Nuclear Activities
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
July 8, 2016
Wilson Appointed to NDAA Conference Committee
Rep.Joe Wilson
July 7, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce TRUST Act to Revoke Secretary Clinton's Security Clearance
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
July 6, 2016
Scott Votes to Stop Sanctuary Cities, Supports Efforts to Keep Americans Safe
Sen.Tim Scott
July 6, 2016
Scott Statement on No Charges Filed Against Clinton
Sen.Tim Scott
July 5, 2016
Scott Statement on FBI Findings Regarding Hillary Clinton
Sen.Tim Scott
June 28, 2016
Senator Scott Statement on Benghazi Report
Sen.Tim Scott
June 28, 2016
Wilson Statement on Benghazi Committee Report
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 28, 2016
Congressman Joe Wilson (SC-02) issued the following statement after the House Select Committee on Benghazi released their final report: "I applaud the work of Chairman Trey Gowdy and the rest of the House Select Committee on Benghazi for their dedicated, fact-driven investigation into the murders of four Americans. From the Committee's thorough and dedicated work, it is clear--former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton should have realized the risks to the mission in Benghazi and its personnel, and I am grateful that the truth is being revealed, despite intentional roadblocks and delays to deceive the American people. Trey Gowdy's persistance of the truth has been inspiring."
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 24, 2016
The Truth about Guantanamo Bay
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 24, 2016
Standing AGAINST Iran and WITH Israel
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 23, 2016
Wilson Statement on U.S. v. Texas
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 23, 2016
Senator Scott: Supreme Court Stops Obama's Executive Overreach on Immigration
Sen.Tim Scott
June 21, 2016
Islamic Terrorist Global Threat
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 14, 2016
Scott Votes to Keep Gitmo Open, Raise Pay for our Troops, Keep MOX Running
Sen.Tim Scott
June 13, 2016
Guantanamo Detainees Who Have Been Released Kill Americans
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 10, 2016
Appreciating Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Rep.Joe Wilson
June 7, 2016
Speaker Ryan's ``A Better Way'' Agenda
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 26, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce Bill to Temporarily Stop Gitmo Transfers
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
May 24, 2016
Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 20, 2016
Letter to Chairman Meredith Broadbent, International Trade Commission - Combat Illegal Trade
Rep.Jim Clyburn, ...
May 19, 2016
Wilson Statement on House Passage of FY 2017 NDAA
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 18, 2016
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 17, 2016
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 17, 2016
President Not Correct
Rep.Joe Wilson
May 4, 2016
Letter to President Obama - Calling on President Obama to Keep Sudan Humanitarian Crisis a High Priority
Rep.Jim Clyburn, ...
May 3, 2016
Scott Reacts to News of Beaufort's 131st Military Police Co. Being Deployed to Guantanamo Bay
Sen.Tim Scott
April 28, 2016
Senator Scott Welcomes Gov. Haley's Testimony on Guantanamo
Sen.Tim Scott
April 25, 2016
Letter to the Honorable Barack Obama, President of the United States - Regarding Security Assistance to Israel
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
April 21, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Markup of FY 2017 National Defense Authorization Act
Rep.Joe Wilson
April 19, 2016
Only Congress Can Write Laws
Rep.Joe Wilson
April 14, 2016
A Seven-Page Plan Will Not Work
Rep.Joe Wilson
April 5, 2016
Senator Scott Joins Ayotte Bill to Stop President Obama from Emptying Out Gitmo
Sen.Tim Scott
April 4, 2016
Senator Scott Joins Amicus Brief Challenging Obama Administration's Executive Action on Immigration
Sen.Tim Scott
March 23, 2016
Senator Scott Statement on Administration Admitting Transferred Gitmo Detainees Have Killed Americans
Sen.Tim Scott
March 22, 2016
Wilson Statement on Brussels Terror Attack
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 22, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Fiscal Year 2017 Information Technology and Cyber Programs: Foundations for a Secure Warfighting Network."
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 22, 2016
President's Bizarre Trip to Cuba
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 21, 2016
Cuban Military Enriched
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 16, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for U.S. Cyber Command: Preparing for Operations in the Cyber Domain."
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 16, 2016
ISIL-Daesh Chemical Attacks
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 15, 2016
Wilson: House Calls ISIL Atrocities Genocide
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 10, 2016
Scott Joins Colleagues to Introduce Resolution to Detain ISIL Fighters in Guantanamo
Sen.Tim Scott
March 10, 2016
Senators Introduce Resolution to Detain ISIL Fighters in Guantanamo
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
March 8, 2016
Scott Resolution Puts Senate on Record Opposing Transfer of GITMO Detainees
Sen.Tim Scott
March 8, 2016
Scott Statement on Report that Increased Number of Released Gitmo Detainees Returning to Terrorism
Sen.Tim Scott
March 1, 2016
Keep Terrorists At Guantanamo
Rep.Joe Wilson
March 1, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Special Operations Forces in an Evolving Threat Environment: A Review of the Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request for U.S. Special Operations Command"
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 25, 2016
President Obama is Ignoring the Law
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 24, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Department of Defense (DOD) Fiscal Year 2017 Science and Technology Programs: Defense Innovation to Create the Future Military Force"
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 24, 2016
Closing Guantanamo
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 23, 2016
Wilson Statement on POTUS Plan to Close Guantanamo
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 23, 2016
Scott on White House Gitmo Plan: Reckless and Illegal
Sen.Tim Scott
Feb. 22, 2016
Senators Roberts, Scott & Gardner Statement on Administration's Plan to Close Guantanamo Bay
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
Feb. 12, 2016
North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2016
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 10, 2016
Blue Ribbon Study Panel
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 10, 2016
Senator Scott Votes for Strong Sanctions on North Korea Following Missile Launch
Sen.Tim Scott
Feb. 10, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Department of Defense (DoD) Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) Policy and Programs for Fiscal Year 2017"
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 4, 2016
Bipartisan Group of Senators Keep Lifesaving Coast Guard Facilities Open in South Carolina and Oregon
Sen.Tim Scott
Feb. 4, 2016
Letter to the Honorable Penny Pritzker, Secretary of Commerce - Action Against Surge in Cheap Steel Imports from Turkey
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
Feb. 3, 2016
Hearing of the Emerging Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee - Opening Statement of Rep. Wilson, Hearing on "Outside Views on Biodefense for the Department of Defense"
Rep.Joe Wilson
Feb. 2, 2016
Iranian Nuclear Deal Supports Terrorism
Rep.Joe Wilson
Jan. 29, 2016
Scott on Obama Appointee's Decision to Reverse Former VA Senior Official's Demotion
Sen.Tim Scott
Jan. 20, 2016
Scott Votes to Ensure Terrorists and Foreign Fighters Don't Exploit Refugee Program
Sen.Tim Scott
Jan. 15, 2016
Scott, Roberts, Gardner Stand United Against Transferring Terrorists to Any Domestic Location
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
Jan. 14, 2016
Letter to the Hon. John Kerry, Secretary of State - Reconsider your Alignment with Iran
Rep.Joe Wilson, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Letter to Barack Obama, President of the United States - Demanding End to Immigration Raids
Rep.Jim Clyburn, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Senators Roberts, Scott & Gardner to Sit Together at SOTU in Unified Opposition to President's GITMO Plan
Sen.Tim Scott, ...
Jan. 12, 2016
Wilson Responds to the State of the Union
Rep.Joe Wilson
Page 16 of 30
chevron_left
16
17
18
19
20
chevron_right
clear
Log in
face
lock_outline
face
person
person_outline
email
lock
lock_outline
Enter the same password as above, for verification.
arrow_upward