Public Statements

Limit results to:

Date Range

Keyword Search

Search string must be longer than 3 characters.

results per page:
Date Title Politician
July 20, 2021 Consumer Protection and Recovery Act Rep. Kathy Castor
July 20, 2021 Consumer Protection and Recovery Act Rep. Gus Bilirakis
July 19, 2021 Velázquez and Donalds Introduce Bill to Boost Small Business Cyber Defense Rep. Byron Donalds, ...
July 19, 2021 Letter to Hon. Isabel Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration and Mr. Khem Sharma, Chief of the Office of Size Standards - Committee Republicans urge for investigation into SBA nonmanufacturer rule Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
July 16, 2021 Rep. Castor Introduces 21st Century FTC Act Rep. Kathy Castor
July 14, 2021 The Economy Sen. Rick Scott
July 12, 2021 Cuba Sen. Rick Scott
July 7, 2021 The Hill - For America's Future, Look to Africa Rep. Byron Donalds
July 2, 2021 The Hill - USMCA Paves the Way for Bold New Trade Agreements Rep. Vern Buchanan
July 2, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the Rebuilding Communities After Disasters Act Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
July 1, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Rounds Joins Bipartisan Letter to Ambassador Tai Highlighting Importance of Reconvening Trade Talks with Taiwan Sen. Rick Scott, ...
June 30, 2021 Rep. Donalds and Sen. Scott (FL) Introduce the Unnecessary Agency Regulations Reduction Act Rep. Byron Donalds
June 30, 2021 Letter to Hon. Katherine Tai, United States Trade Representative - Bipartisan Letter Urges Administration to Prioritize Trade Talks with Taiwan Sen. Rick Scott, ...
June 28, 2021 Letter to Hon. Gary Gensler, Chairman of Securities and Exchange Commission - Rubio, Colleagues Question SEC on Unprecedented Replacement of PCAOB Members & Urge the Swift Implementation of Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act Sen. Rick Scott, ...
June 24, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Congress Must Pass the Keep China Out of Solar Energy Act Sen. Rick Scott
June 24, 2021 Providing for Congressional Disapproval of the Rule Submitted By the Office of the Comptroller of Currency Relating to ``National Banks and Federal Savings Associations As Lenders'' Rep. Byron Donalds
June 23, 2021 Buchanan, Brady Introduce Bill to Help Small Businesses Suffering Under Trade Moratorium Rep. Clifford Franklin
June 23, 2021 Rep. Franklin Introduces the Cutting Unnecessary Regulatory Burdens Act Rep. Clifford Franklin
June 22, 2021 Consumer Safety Technology Act Rep. Darren Soto
June 22, 2021 Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 Rep. Gus Bilirakis
June 22, 2021 Stop Tip-Overs of Unstable, Risky Dressers on Youth Act Rep. Gus Bilirakis
June 22, 2021 Consumer Safety Technology Act Rep. Gus Bilirakis
June 21, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Tom Vilsack, Secretary of Agriculture, and the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Sens. Cruz, Warnock, Tuberville, Colleagues Send Bipartisan Letter in Support of US Peanut Farmers Sen. Rick Scott, ...
June 21, 2021 Reps. Salazar and Meng Reintroduce Bipartisan Legislation in the House to Help Women Entrepreneurs Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
June 16, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Gary Gensler, Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission - Reps. Sean Casten and Mike Levin Lead Letter Urging SEC to Require Public Corporations to Disclose Climate Change Risks Rep. Kathy Castor, ...
June 16, 2021 Scott, Colleagues Reintroduce Bill to Encourage America's Pharmaceutical Independence Rep. Darren Soto, ...
June 16, 2021 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Rep. Byron Donalds
June 15, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Alejandro Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security - Publicly Release Immigration Plan Sen. Rick Scott, ...
June 14, 2021 Rep. Castor Announces Extension of American Rescue Plan's Paid Leave Tax Credit for Small Businesses Rep. Kathy Castor
June 10, 2021 Letter to Charles P. Rettig, Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service - Emmer Continues Push for Clarity for Virtual Currency Taxpayers Rep. Darren Soto, ...
June 9, 2021 Letter to Hon. Joe Biden, President of the US - Lowenthal, Merkley, Bonamici Lead Bicameral Effort to Push Biden Administration to Tackle Explosion of Plastic Pollution at G7 Summit Rep. Kathy Castor, ...
June 2, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Brian Deese, Director of the National Economic Council - Bidenflation is a Tax on Hardworking Americans Rep. Byron Donalds, ...
May 27, 2021 China Sen. Rick Scott
May 20, 2021 Menendez, Rubio Renew Bipartisan, Bicameral Push To Prohibit U.S. Courts From Recognizing Trademarks Stolen By The Cuban Regime Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, ...
May 20, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Isabella Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration - Hagedorn, House Small Business Republicans Sends Letter to SBA on Restaurant Revitalization Fund Portal Closure Rep. Byron Donalds, ...
May 20, 2021 Wasserman Schultz, Menendez, Issa, Rubio Renew Bipartisan, Bicameral Push to Prohibit U.S. Courts from Recognizing Trademarks Stolen by the Cuban Regime Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz
May 17, 2021 Letter to Ambassador Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Hern leads bipartisan letter to USTR Amb. Tai on lumber shortage Rep. Clifford Franklin, ...
May 14, 2021 Letter to Hon. Joe Biden, President of the US and Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Gibbs Seeks Answers on Softwood Lumber Policy Rep. Clifford Franklin, ...
May 14, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden's Inflation Crisis is Here -- He Must Address the Impacts of Reckless Liberal Spending Sen. Rick Scott
May 14, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the AMIGOS Act Rep. Maria Salazar
May 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: April PPI Report Further Confirms Reality of Biden's Inflation Crisis Sen. Rick Scott
May 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott Meets with Florida Business Leaders on Need to Get Floridians Back to Work Sen. Rick Scott
May 12, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Suzanne Clark, President and CEO of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Hon. Kevin Fromer, President and CEO of the Financial Services Forum, and the Hon. Joshua Bolten, President and CEO of Business Roundtable - Grassley Joins Cotton, Colleagues In Letter Warning International Business Community About Resuming Business With Iran Sen. Rick Scott, ...
May 12, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden Remains Silent as Inflation Keeps Growing, Hurting Families Sen. Rick Scott
May 12, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Richard Jones, Chair of the Financial Accounting Standards Board - Emmer Urges FASB to Issue Clear Accounting Standards for Virtual Currencies Rep. Darren Soto, ...
May 10, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott to Biden: Inflation is Happening -- Stop Reckless Government Spending Sen. Rick Scott
May 10, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Merrick Garland, Attorney General - Congresswoman McClain Leads Letter to DOJ Regarding German Company Sending Software Updates to Iran Rep. Kat Cammack, ...
May 7, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Businesses Act Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
May 6, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Families on the Hook for $16,000 in Tax Hikes this Decade to Pay for Biden's Spending Sen. Rick Scott
May 5, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Miguel Cardona, Secretary of Education - Sarbanes, Kaine, Gillibrand Lead Bicameral Push to Fix PSLF Program and Provide America's Public Servants with Urgently Needed Student Loan Relief Rep. Kathy Castor, ...
May 5, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Rep. Ron Kind Leads Bipartisan Letter Urging USTR Katherine Tai to Work with Vietnam to Eliminate Tariffs on U.S. Pork Rep. Vern Buchanan, ...
May 4, 2021 HeraldTribune.com - Staffing shortages are hurting Florida businesses Rep. Greg Steube
May 1, 2021 Relief for Restaurants Available Beginning Monday Rep. Lois Frankel
April 30, 2021 Congressman Donalds and Chairwoman Velázquez Introduce Bill to Protect Small Construction Firms Rep. Byron Donalds, ...
April 30, 2021 Correa and Mast Introduce Bipartisan Bill to Help Small Businesses, Provide DHS Frontline Workforce with American Made Uniforms and PPE Rep. Brian Mast, ...
April 28, 2021 Letter to Honorable Mike Quigley, Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and Honorable Steve Womack, Ranking Member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government - Kaptur, Pascrell, Ocasio-Cortez Lead Colleagues Demanding Support for Postal Banking Rep. Darren Soto, ...
April 28, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - DelBene, Kind, LaHood, Walorski Lead 100+ Bipartisan Lawmakers in Calling on USTR to Establish New Tariff Exclusion Process Rep. Vern Buchanan, ...
April 27, 2021 Rep. Castor Announces Opening of Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Rep. Kathy Castor
April 21, 2021 Quick Passage of Sullivan/scott Cruise Act Blocked in Senate Sen. Rick Scott, ...
April 21, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Isabella Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration - Sinema, Kelly Urge Administration to Quickly Fix Shuttered Venue Operators Grant for Arizona Entertainment Businesses Rep. Kathy Castor, ...
April 16, 2021 Cotton, Cruz, Young, and Scott Introduce Bill Sanctioning Foreign Government Officials Who Hold Americans Hostage Sen. Rick Scott, ...
April 16, 2021 Mast, Salazar Introduce Bill To Restart Cruising Safely Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
April 16, 2021 Steube Hosts Roundtable with Florida Restaurants and Businesses Struggling from Severe Staffing Shortages Rep. Greg Steube
April 15, 2021 Buchanan/Deutch Seniors Fraud Bill Wins House OK Rep. Vern Buchanan
April 14, 2021 Cotton, Colleagues Call on President to Shun "green" Tech Produced by Slave Labor Sen. Rick Scott, ...
April 14, 2021 Fraud and Scam Reduction Act Rep. Gus Bilirakis
April 14, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden Administration Lying About Threat of Inflation Sen. Rick Scott
April 14, 2021 Ftc Collaboration Act of 2021 Rep. Gus Bilirakis
April 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott to Biden and Powell: Wake Up and Address Growing Inflation Now Sen. Rick Scott
April 13, 2021 Sens. Sullivan, Scott, Rubio Introduce Cruise Act to Resume Cruise Line Operations Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
April 13, 2021 Letter to Honorable Joseph R. Biden, President of The United States - Castro, Padilla, Warren, Lieu: Citizenship for Essential Workers Is Infrastructure Rep. Darren Soto, ...
April 9, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden's Inflation Ignorance is Unacceptable, Hurts Families Sen. Rick Scott
April 9, 2021 Rep. Delgado Introduces Bipartisan Small Business Bill Rep. Maria Salazar, ...
April 7, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Jason Kearns, Chairman of the International Trade Commission, and Commisioners - Rep. Austin Scott Co-Leads Bipartisan Letter to ITC on Investigation Into Unfair Trade Practices that Harm American Specialty Crop Producers Rep. Frederica Wilson, ...
April 7, 2021 Steube Holds Virtual Town Hall with Englewood Chamber of Commerce Rep. Greg Steube
Date Title Politician
July 20, 2021 Consumer Protection and Recovery Act Rep.Kathy Castor
July 20, 2021 Consumer Protection and Recovery Act Rep.Gus Bilirakis
July 19, 2021 Velázquez and Donalds Introduce Bill to Boost Small Business Cyber Defense Rep.Byron Donalds, ...
July 19, 2021 Letter to Hon. Isabel Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration and Mr. Khem Sharma, Chief of the Office of Size Standards - Committee Republicans urge for investigation into SBA nonmanufacturer rule Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
July 16, 2021 Rep. Castor Introduces 21st Century FTC Act Rep.Kathy Castor
July 14, 2021 The Economy Sen.Rick Scott
July 12, 2021 Cuba Sen.Rick Scott
July 7, 2021 The Hill - For America's Future, Look to Africa Rep.Byron Donalds
July 2, 2021 The Hill - USMCA Paves the Way for Bold New Trade Agreements Rep.Vern Buchanan
July 2, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the Rebuilding Communities After Disasters Act Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
July 1, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Rounds Joins Bipartisan Letter to Ambassador Tai Highlighting Importance of Reconvening Trade Talks with Taiwan Sen.Rick Scott, ...
June 30, 2021 Rep. Donalds and Sen. Scott (FL) Introduce the Unnecessary Agency Regulations Reduction Act Rep.Byron Donalds
June 30, 2021 Letter to Hon. Katherine Tai, United States Trade Representative - Bipartisan Letter Urges Administration to Prioritize Trade Talks with Taiwan Sen.Rick Scott, ...
June 28, 2021 Letter to Hon. Gary Gensler, Chairman of Securities and Exchange Commission - Rubio, Colleagues Question SEC on Unprecedented Replacement of PCAOB Members & Urge the Swift Implementation of Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act Sen.Rick Scott, ...
June 24, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Congress Must Pass the Keep China Out of Solar Energy Act Sen.Rick Scott
June 24, 2021 Providing for Congressional Disapproval of the Rule Submitted By the Office of the Comptroller of Currency Relating to ``National Banks and Federal Savings Associations As Lenders'' Rep.Byron Donalds
June 23, 2021 Buchanan, Brady Introduce Bill to Help Small Businesses Suffering Under Trade Moratorium Rep.Clifford Franklin
June 23, 2021 Rep. Franklin Introduces the Cutting Unnecessary Regulatory Burdens Act Rep.Clifford Franklin
June 22, 2021 Consumer Safety Technology Act Rep.Darren Soto
June 22, 2021 Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 Rep.Gus Bilirakis
June 22, 2021 Stop Tip-Overs of Unstable, Risky Dressers on Youth Act Rep.Gus Bilirakis
June 22, 2021 Consumer Safety Technology Act Rep.Gus Bilirakis
June 21, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Tom Vilsack, Secretary of Agriculture, and the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Sens. Cruz, Warnock, Tuberville, Colleagues Send Bipartisan Letter in Support of US Peanut Farmers Sen.Rick Scott, ...
June 21, 2021 Reps. Salazar and Meng Reintroduce Bipartisan Legislation in the House to Help Women Entrepreneurs Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
June 16, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Gary Gensler, Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission - Reps. Sean Casten and Mike Levin Lead Letter Urging SEC to Require Public Corporations to Disclose Climate Change Risks Rep.Kathy Castor, ...
June 16, 2021 Scott, Colleagues Reintroduce Bill to Encourage America's Pharmaceutical Independence Rep.Darren Soto, ...
June 16, 2021 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Rep.Byron Donalds
June 15, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Alejandro Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security - Publicly Release Immigration Plan Sen.Rick Scott, ...
June 14, 2021 Rep. Castor Announces Extension of American Rescue Plan's Paid Leave Tax Credit for Small Businesses Rep.Kathy Castor
June 10, 2021 Letter to Charles P. Rettig, Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service - Emmer Continues Push for Clarity for Virtual Currency Taxpayers Rep.Darren Soto, ...
June 9, 2021 Letter to Hon. Joe Biden, President of the US - Lowenthal, Merkley, Bonamici Lead Bicameral Effort to Push Biden Administration to Tackle Explosion of Plastic Pollution at G7 Summit Rep.Kathy Castor, ...
June 2, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Brian Deese, Director of the National Economic Council - Bidenflation is a Tax on Hardworking Americans Rep.Byron Donalds, ...
May 27, 2021 China Sen.Rick Scott
May 20, 2021 Menendez, Rubio Renew Bipartisan, Bicameral Push To Prohibit U.S. Courts From Recognizing Trademarks Stolen By The Cuban Regime Rep.Debbie Wasserman Schultz, ...
May 20, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Isabella Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration - Hagedorn, House Small Business Republicans Sends Letter to SBA on Restaurant Revitalization Fund Portal Closure Rep.Byron Donalds, ...
May 20, 2021 Wasserman Schultz, Menendez, Issa, Rubio Renew Bipartisan, Bicameral Push to Prohibit U.S. Courts from Recognizing Trademarks Stolen by the Cuban Regime Rep.Debbie Wasserman Schultz
May 17, 2021 Letter to Ambassador Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Hern leads bipartisan letter to USTR Amb. Tai on lumber shortage Rep.Clifford Franklin, ...
May 14, 2021 Letter to Hon. Joe Biden, President of the US and Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Gibbs Seeks Answers on Softwood Lumber Policy Rep.Clifford Franklin, ...
May 14, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden's Inflation Crisis is Here -- He Must Address the Impacts of Reckless Liberal Spending Sen.Rick Scott
May 14, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the AMIGOS Act Rep.Maria Salazar
May 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: April PPI Report Further Confirms Reality of Biden's Inflation Crisis Sen.Rick Scott
May 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott Meets with Florida Business Leaders on Need to Get Floridians Back to Work Sen.Rick Scott
May 12, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Suzanne Clark, President and CEO of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the Hon. Kevin Fromer, President and CEO of the Financial Services Forum, and the Hon. Joshua Bolten, President and CEO of Business Roundtable - Grassley Joins Cotton, Colleagues In Letter Warning International Business Community About Resuming Business With Iran Sen.Rick Scott, ...
May 12, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden Remains Silent as Inflation Keeps Growing, Hurting Families Sen.Rick Scott
May 12, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Richard Jones, Chair of the Financial Accounting Standards Board - Emmer Urges FASB to Issue Clear Accounting Standards for Virtual Currencies Rep.Darren Soto, ...
May 10, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott to Biden: Inflation is Happening -- Stop Reckless Government Spending Sen.Rick Scott
May 10, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Merrick Garland, Attorney General - Congresswoman McClain Leads Letter to DOJ Regarding German Company Sending Software Updates to Iran Rep.Kat Cammack, ...
May 7, 2021 Rep. Salazar Introduces the Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Businesses Act Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
May 6, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Families on the Hook for $16,000 in Tax Hikes this Decade to Pay for Biden's Spending Sen.Rick Scott
May 5, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Miguel Cardona, Secretary of Education - Sarbanes, Kaine, Gillibrand Lead Bicameral Push to Fix PSLF Program and Provide America's Public Servants with Urgently Needed Student Loan Relief Rep.Kathy Castor, ...
May 5, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - Rep. Ron Kind Leads Bipartisan Letter Urging USTR Katherine Tai to Work with Vietnam to Eliminate Tariffs on U.S. Pork Rep.Vern Buchanan, ...
May 4, 2021 HeraldTribune.com - Staffing shortages are hurting Florida businesses Rep.Greg Steube
May 1, 2021 Relief for Restaurants Available Beginning Monday Rep.Lois Frankel
April 30, 2021 Congressman Donalds and Chairwoman Velázquez Introduce Bill to Protect Small Construction Firms Rep.Byron Donalds, ...
April 30, 2021 Correa and Mast Introduce Bipartisan Bill to Help Small Businesses, Provide DHS Frontline Workforce with American Made Uniforms and PPE Rep.Brian Mast, ...
April 28, 2021 Letter to Honorable Mike Quigley, Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and Honorable Steve Womack, Ranking Member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government - Kaptur, Pascrell, Ocasio-Cortez Lead Colleagues Demanding Support for Postal Banking Rep.Darren Soto, ...
April 28, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Katherine Tai, US Trade Representative - DelBene, Kind, LaHood, Walorski Lead 100+ Bipartisan Lawmakers in Calling on USTR to Establish New Tariff Exclusion Process Rep.Vern Buchanan, ...
April 27, 2021 Rep. Castor Announces Opening of Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Rep.Kathy Castor
April 21, 2021 Quick Passage of Sullivan/scott Cruise Act Blocked in Senate Sen.Rick Scott, ...
April 21, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Isabella Guzman, Administrator of the Small Business Administration - Sinema, Kelly Urge Administration to Quickly Fix Shuttered Venue Operators Grant for Arizona Entertainment Businesses Rep.Kathy Castor, ...
April 16, 2021 Cotton, Cruz, Young, and Scott Introduce Bill Sanctioning Foreign Government Officials Who Hold Americans Hostage Sen.Rick Scott, ...
April 16, 2021 Mast, Salazar Introduce Bill To Restart Cruising Safely Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
April 16, 2021 Steube Hosts Roundtable with Florida Restaurants and Businesses Struggling from Severe Staffing Shortages Rep.Greg Steube
April 15, 2021 Buchanan/Deutch Seniors Fraud Bill Wins House OK Rep.Vern Buchanan
April 14, 2021 Cotton, Colleagues Call on President to Shun "green" Tech Produced by Slave Labor Sen.Rick Scott, ...
April 14, 2021 Fraud and Scam Reduction Act Rep.Gus Bilirakis
April 14, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden Administration Lying About Threat of Inflation Sen.Rick Scott
April 14, 2021 Ftc Collaboration Act of 2021 Rep.Gus Bilirakis
April 13, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott to Biden and Powell: Wake Up and Address Growing Inflation Now Sen.Rick Scott
April 13, 2021 Sens. Sullivan, Scott, Rubio Introduce Cruise Act to Resume Cruise Line Operations Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
April 13, 2021 Letter to Honorable Joseph R. Biden, President of The United States - Castro, Padilla, Warren, Lieu: Citizenship for Essential Workers Is Infrastructure Rep.Darren Soto, ...
April 9, 2021 Sen. Rick Scott: Biden's Inflation Ignorance is Unacceptable, Hurts Families Sen.Rick Scott
April 9, 2021 Rep. Delgado Introduces Bipartisan Small Business Bill Rep.Maria Salazar, ...
April 7, 2021 Letter to the Hon. Jason Kearns, Chairman of the International Trade Commission, and Commisioners - Rep. Austin Scott Co-Leads Bipartisan Letter to ITC on Investigation Into Unfair Trade Practices that Harm American Specialty Crop Producers Rep.Frederica Wilson, ...
April 7, 2021 Steube Holds Virtual Town Hall with Englewood Chamber of Commerce Rep.Greg Steube
arrow_upward