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2025 National Government Operations Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 3, 2025 National S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
Nov. 20, 2025 National H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
Nov. 19, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
Nov. 18, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
Nov. 10, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 40)
Nov. 9, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 40)
Nov. 7, 2025 National S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
Nov. 4, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 44)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
Oct. 28, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 23, 2025 National S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 22, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
Oct. 20, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 43)
Oct. 16, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
Oct. 15, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
Oct. 14, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 45)
Oct. 9, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 9, 2025 National S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 50)
Oct. 9, 2025 National H J Res 106 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Oct. 8, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 8, 2025 National S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 52)
Oct. 8, 2025 National H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
Oct. 8, 2025 National H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Oct. 7, 2025 National H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Oct. 3, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 44)
Oct. 3, 2025 National S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (46 - 52)
Oct. 1, 2025 National PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
Oct. 1, 2025 National PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
Sept. 30, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (55 - 45)
Sept. 30, 2025 National S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (47 - 53)
Sept. 29, 2025 National S 2806 Eliminate Shutdowns Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (37 - 61)
Sept. 19, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (44 - 48)
Sept. 19, 2025 National S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (47 - 45)
Sept. 16, 2025 National S Con Res 22 A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2026 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2027 through 2035. Motion Rejected - Senate (36 - 62)
Sept. 16, 2025 National S J Res 60 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Emissions Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update". Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/18 PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
12/18 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
12/18 PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
12/03 S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
11/20 H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
11/19 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
11/19 S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
11/19 S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
11/18 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
11/10 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 40)
11/09 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 40)
11/07 S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
11/04 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 44)
10/29 S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
10/28 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 45)
10/23 S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
10/22 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
10/20 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 43)
10/16 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
10/15 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
10/14 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 45)
10/09 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
10/09 S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 50)
10/09 H J Res 106 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
10/08 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
10/08 S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 52)
10/08 H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
10/08 H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
10/07 H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
10/03 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 44)
10/03 S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (46 - 52)
10/01 PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
10/01 PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
9/30 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (55 - 45)
9/30 S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (47 - 53)
9/29 S 2806 Eliminate Shutdowns Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (37 - 61)
9/19 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (44 - 48)
9/19 S 2882 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 Bill Failed - Senate (47 - 45)
9/16 S Con Res 22 A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2026 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2027 through 2035. Motion Rejected - Senate (36 - 62)
9/16 S J Res 60 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Emissions Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update". Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
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