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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
Feb. 12, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 5, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
Feb. 4, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
Jan. 28, 2025 National PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 22)
Jan. 27, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
Jan. 27, 2025 National PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (97 - 0)
Jan. 25, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
Jan. 24, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 50)
Jan. 23, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 49)
Jan. 21, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 12, 2024 National PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Sept. 17, 2024 National S 4445 A bill to protect and expand nationwide access to fertility treatment, including in vitro fertilization. Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
July 11, 2024 National S J Res 89 A joint resolution to direct the termination of the use of United States Armed Forces for the construction, maintenance, and operation of the Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore pier on the coast of the Gaza Strip that has not been authorized by Congress. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (48 - 46)
June 13, 2024 National S 4445 A bill to protect and expand nationwide access to fertility treatment, including in vitro fertilization. Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
June 5, 2024 National S 4381 Right to Contraception Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 39)
May 21, 2024 National S J Res 58 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
May 15, 2024 National S J Res 57 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 49)
May 9, 2024 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - Senate (88 - 4)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/13 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/13 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
2/12 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
2/06 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/06 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/05 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
2/04 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
1/28 PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 22)
1/27 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
1/27 PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (97 - 0)
1/25 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
1/24 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 50)
1/23 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 49)
1/21 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/12 PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
9/17 S 4445 A bill to protect and expand nationwide access to fertility treatment, including in vitro fertilization. Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
7/11 S J Res 89 A joint resolution to direct the termination of the use of United States Armed Forces for the construction, maintenance, and operation of the Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore pier on the coast of the Gaza Strip that has not been authorized by Congress. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (48 - 46)
6/13 S 4445 A bill to protect and expand nationwide access to fertility treatment, including in vitro fertilization. Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
6/05 S 4381 Right to Contraception Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 39)
5/21 S J Res 58 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
5/15 S J Res 57 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 49)
5/09 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - Senate (88 - 4)

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