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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 18, 2025 National S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 11, 2025 National S 3385 Lower Health Care Costs Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 11, 2025 National S 3386 Health Care Freedom for Patients Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 10, 2025 National S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
Nov. 19, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
Nov. 18, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
Nov. 6, 2025 National S J Res 90 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress Motion Rejected - Senate (49 - 51)
Oct. 16, 2025 National HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
Oct. 9, 2025 National S 2296 An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2026 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 20)
Oct. 8, 2025 National S J Res 71 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 51)
Oct. 1, 2025 National PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
Oct. 1, 2025 National PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
Sept. 10, 2025 National S 2296 S. Amdt. 3849 to S. 2296 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 49)
Sept. 4, 2025 National S 2296 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (83 - 13)
Sept. 2, 2025 National S 2296 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 14)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
Aug. 1, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
July 31, 2025 National PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
July 31, 2025 National PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
July 31, 2025 National PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
July 30, 2025 National PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
July 29, 2025 National PN 22-17 Nomination of Earl Matthews to be General Counsel of the Department of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
July 29, 2025 National PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 29, 2025 National PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
July 28, 2025 National PN 22-17 Nomination of Earl Matthews to be General Counsel of the Department of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
July 24, 2025 National PN 22-15 Nomination of Matthew Lohmmeier to be Under Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
July 23, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (90 - 8)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 23, 2025 National PN 22-15 Nomination of Matthew Lohmmeier to be Under Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 47)
July 22, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (91 - 7)
July 22, 2025 National PN 22-7 Nomination of Bradley Hansell to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (61 - 35)
July 22, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 48)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
July 17, 2025 National PN 22-7 Nomination of Bradley Hansell to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 31)
July 15, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/18 S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
12/18 PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
12/18 PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
12/11 S 3385 Lower Health Care Costs Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
12/11 S 3386 Health Care Freedom for Patients Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
12/10 S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
11/19 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
11/18 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
11/06 S J Res 90 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress Motion Rejected - Senate (49 - 51)
10/16 HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
10/09 S 2296 An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2026 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - Senate (77 - 20)
10/08 S J Res 71 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 51)
10/01 PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
10/01 PN 26-10 Nomination of Hung Cao to be Under Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
9/10 S 2296 S. Amdt. 3849 to S. 2296 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 49)
9/04 S 2296 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (83 - 13)
9/02 S 2296 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 14)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
8/02 PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
8/02 PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
8/01 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
8/01 PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
8/01 PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
7/31 PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
7/31 PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
7/31 PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
7/30 PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
7/29 PN 22-17 Nomination of Earl Matthews to be General Counsel of the Department of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
7/29 PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/29 PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
7/28 PN 22-17 Nomination of Earl Matthews to be General Counsel of the Department of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
7/24 PN 22-15 Nomination of Matthew Lohmmeier to be Under Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
7/23 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (90 - 8)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/23 PN 22-15 Nomination of Matthew Lohmmeier to be Under Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 47)
7/22 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (91 - 7)
7/22 PN 22-7 Nomination of Bradley Hansell to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (61 - 35)
7/22 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 48)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
7/17 PN 22-7 Nomination of Bradley Hansell to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 31)
7/15 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
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