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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 26, 2025 National H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 206)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 25, 2025 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
Feb. 25, 2025 National HR 788 DOE and SBA Research Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 3)
Feb. 24, 2025 National PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
Feb. 12, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 10, 2025 National HR 736 Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 0)
Feb. 7, 2025 National HR 26 Protecting American Energy Production Act Bill Passed - House (226 - 188)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 5, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
Feb. 4, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
Feb. 4, 2025 National HR 43 Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 1)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
Jan. 28, 2025 National PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 22)
Jan. 27, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
Jan. 27, 2025 National PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (97 - 0)
Jan. 25, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
Jan. 24, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 50)
Jan. 23, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 49)
Jan. 21, 2025 National PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 192 Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act Bill Passed - House (407 - 0)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
Dec. 17, 2024 National S 3448 Never Again Education Reauthorization Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (402 - 12)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 7213 Autism CARES Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (374 - 15)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 7213 Autism CARES Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (374 - 15)
Dec. 16, 2024 National S 141 Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 12)
Dec. 12, 2024 National PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Dec. 10, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
Dec. 10, 2024 National HR 7673 Liberty in Laundry Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 200)
Dec. 6, 2024 National HR 5349 Crucial Communism Teaching Act Bill Passed - House (327 - 62)
Nov. 19, 2024 National HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
Nov. 18, 2024 National HR 8371 Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (389 - 9)
Nov. 15, 2024 National HR 8932 FAFSA Deadline Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 1)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
Sept. 25, 2024 National H Res 1469 Ensuring accountability for key officials in the Biden- Harris administration responsible for decision-making and execution failures throughout the withdrawal from Afghanistan. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 194)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
Sept. 20, 2024 National H J Res 136 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - House (215 - 191)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/26 H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 206)
2/26 S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
2/25 PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
2/25 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
2/25 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
2/25 HR 788 DOE and SBA Research Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 3)
2/24 PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/18 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
2/13 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/13 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
2/12 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
2/10 HR 736 Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 0)
2/07 HR 26 Protecting American Energy Production Act Bill Passed - House (226 - 188)
2/06 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/06 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/05 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
2/04 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
2/04 HR 43 Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 1)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
1/28 PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 22)
1/27 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
1/27 PN 11-6 Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (97 - 0)
1/25 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
1/24 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 50)
1/23 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 49)
1/21 PN 11-7 Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
1/15 HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
1/13 HR 192 Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act Bill Passed - House (407 - 0)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/18 S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
12/18 S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
12/17 S 3448 Never Again Education Reauthorization Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (402 - 12)
12/16 HR 7213 Autism CARES Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (374 - 15)
12/16 HR 7213 Autism CARES Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (374 - 15)
12/16 S 141 Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 12)
12/12 PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
12/10 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
12/10 HR 7673 Liberty in Laundry Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 200)
12/06 HR 5349 Crucial Communism Teaching Act Bill Passed - House (327 - 62)
11/19 HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
11/18 HR 8371 Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (389 - 9)
11/15 HR 8932 FAFSA Deadline Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 1)
11/14 HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
11/14 HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
9/25 H Res 1469 Ensuring accountability for key officials in the Biden- Harris administration responsible for decision-making and execution failures throughout the withdrawal from Afghanistan. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 194)
9/24 HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
9/20 H J Res 136 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - House (215 - 191)
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