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National Finance and Banking Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 18, 2026 National PN 730-33 Nomination of George Holding, of North Carolina, to be United States Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vice J. Steven Dowd Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 39)
May 13, 2026 National PN 855-1 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
May 13, 2026 National S J Res 132 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Examinations for Risks to Active-Duty Servicemembers and Their Covered Dependents" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 52)
May 13, 2026 National S J Res 141 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Debt Collection Practices (Regulation F); Deceptive and Unfair Collection of Medical Debt" Motion Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
May 13, 2026 National S J Res 130 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to withdrawal of the rule relating to "Consumer Financial Protection Circular 2024-05: Improper Overdraft Opt-In Practices" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
May 12, 2026 National PN 855-1 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
July 15, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
July 14, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
June 26, 2025 National PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
June 25, 2025 National PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 40)
June 25, 2025 National PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
June 24, 2025 National PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
June 17, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
June 12, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
June 12, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
June 11, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
May 19, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
May 8, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
May 7, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
April 9, 2025 National PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
March 27, 2025 National S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
March 26, 2025 National PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 26, 2025 National PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
March 26, 2025 National S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
March 4, 2025 National S J Res 28 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
Jan. 27, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
Jan. 25, 2025 National PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
May 15, 2024 National S J Res 57 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 49)
Jan. 10, 2024 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Veto Override Failed - Senate (54 - 45)
Nov. 15, 2023 National S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
Oct. 18, 2023 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
June 1, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
March 1, 2023 National H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
May 11, 2021 National S J Res 15 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency relating to "National Banks and Federal Savings Associations as Lenders". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
March 11, 2020 National H J Res 76 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Borrower Defense Institutional Accountability" Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 42)
Dec. 12, 2018 National S J Res 64 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Returns by Exempt Organizations and Returns by Certain Non-Exempt Organizations" Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
Dec. 11, 2018 National PN 1803 Nomination of Justin George Muzinich to be Deputy Director of the Department of the Treasury (55 - 44)
Dec. 10, 2018 National PN 1803 Nomination of Justin George Muzinich to be Deputy Director of the Department of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 43)
Dec. 6, 2018 National PN 2170 Nomination of Kathleen Laura Kraninger to be the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (50 - 49)
Nov. 29, 2018 National PN 2170 Nomination of Kathleen Laura Kraninger to be the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 49)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/18 PN 730-33 Nomination of George Holding, of North Carolina, to be United States Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vice J. Steven Dowd Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 39)
5/13 PN 855-1 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
5/13 S J Res 132 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Examinations for Risks to Active-Duty Servicemembers and Their Covered Dependents" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 52)
5/13 S J Res 141 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Debt Collection Practices (Regulation F); Deceptive and Unfair Collection of Medical Debt" Motion Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
5/13 S J Res 130 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to withdrawal of the rule relating to "Consumer Financial Protection Circular 2024-05: Improper Overdraft Opt-In Practices" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
5/12 PN 855-1 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of four years, vice Jerome H. Powell, term expiring Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
7/15 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
7/14 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
6/26 PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
6/25 PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 40)
6/25 PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
6/24 PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
6/17 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
6/12 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
6/12 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
6/11 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
5/19 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
5/08 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
5/07 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
5/06 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
4/09 PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
4/09 PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
3/27 S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
3/26 PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/26 PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
3/26 S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
3/04 S J Res 28 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 47)
1/27 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29)
1/25 PN 11-1 Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23)
5/15 S J Res 57 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 49)
1/10 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Veto Override Failed - Senate (54 - 45)
11/15 S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
10/18 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
6/01 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
3/01 H J Res 30 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 46)
5/11 S J Res 15 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency relating to "National Banks and Federal Savings Associations as Lenders". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
3/11 H J Res 76 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Borrower Defense Institutional Accountability" Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 42)
12/12 S J Res 64 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Treasury relating to "Returns by Exempt Organizations and Returns by Certain Non-Exempt Organizations" Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
12/11 PN 1803 Nomination of Justin George Muzinich to be Deputy Director of the Department of the Treasury (55 - 44)
12/10 PN 1803 Nomination of Justin George Muzinich to be Deputy Director of the Department of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 43)
12/06 PN 2170 Nomination of Kathleen Laura Kraninger to be the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (50 - 49)
11/29 PN 2170 Nomination of Kathleen Laura Kraninger to be the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 49)
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