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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 1, 2026 National H Res 1490 Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes Resolution Passed - House (220 - 192)
Sept. 1, 2026 National H Res 1490 Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes Resolution Passed - House (220 - 192)
July 14, 2026 National HR 139 Sunshine Protection Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (308 - 117)
May 12, 2026 National PN 855-2 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of fourteen years from February 1, 2026, vice Stephen Miran, term expired Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 11, 2026 National PN 855-2 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of fourteen years from February 1, 2026, vice Stephen Miran, term expired Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 44)
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 2988 Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 205)
Nov. 21, 2025 National H Con Res 58 Denouncing the horrors of socialism Joint Resolution Passed - House (285 - 98)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
July 29, 2025 National PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 29, 2025 National PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
July 22, 2025 National HR 3937 Wabeno Economic Development Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
July 17, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - House (308 - 122)
June 17, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
June 12, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
May 22, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
May 19, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
May 8, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
May 7, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 3, 2025 National H Con Res 14 Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 48)
March 25, 2025 National PN 12-3 Nomination of James Bishop to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
Feb. 25, 2025 National H Con Res 14 Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - House (217 - 215)
Feb. 24, 2025 National HR 832 Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (396 - 15)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
Feb. 10, 2025 National HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 30, 2024 National HR 3738 Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 10)
April 20, 2024 National HR 8034 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 58)
April 20, 2024 National HR 8036 Indo-Pacific Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (385 - 34)
March 21, 2024 National HR 1836 Ocean Shipping Reform Implementation Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (393 - 24)
March 8, 2024 National HR 2799 Expanding Access to Capital Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (212 - 205)
June 14, 2023 National HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
June 1, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
May 31, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
March 1, 2023 National HR 347 Reduce Exacerbated Inflation Negatively Impacting the Nation Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 148)
Dec. 1, 2022 National H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (52 - 43)
Dec. 1, 2022 National H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (80 - 15)
Nov. 30, 2022 National H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - House (290 - 137)
Nov. 30, 2022 National H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 207)
Sept. 21, 2022 National S 1098 Joint Consolidation Loan Separation Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 193)
June 15, 2022 National HR 2543 Federal Reserve Racial and Economic Equity Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 207)
May 19, 2022 National S 4008 Small Business COVID Relief Act of 2022 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 43)
May 19, 2022 National HR 7688 Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 207)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/01 H Res 1490 Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes Resolution Passed - House (220 - 192)
9/01 H Res 1490 Providing for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes Resolution Passed - House (220 - 192)
7/14 HR 139 Sunshine Protection Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (308 - 117)
5/12 PN 855-2 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of fourteen years from February 1, 2026, vice Stephen Miran, term expired Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/11 PN 855-2 Nomination of Kevin Warsh, of Florida, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of fourteen years from February 1, 2026, vice Stephen Miran, term expired Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 44)
1/15 HR 2988 Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 205)
11/21 H Con Res 58 Denouncing the horrors of socialism Joint Resolution Passed - House (285 - 98)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
7/29 PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/29 PN 22-13 Nomination of William Kimmitt to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
7/22 HR 3937 Wabeno Economic Development Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
7/17 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - House (308 - 122)
6/17 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
6/12 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
5/22 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
5/19 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
5/08 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
5/07 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
5/06 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
4/30 S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/03 H Con Res 14 Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 48)
3/25 PN 12-3 Nomination of James Bishop to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
2/25 H Con Res 14 Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - House (217 - 215)
2/24 HR 832 Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (396 - 15)
2/18 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
2/13 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
2/10 HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
2/06 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/30 HR 3738 Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 10)
4/20 HR 8034 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 58)
4/20 HR 8036 Indo-Pacific Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (385 - 34)
3/21 HR 1836 Ocean Shipping Reform Implementation Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (393 - 24)
3/08 HR 2799 Expanding Access to Capital Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (212 - 205)
6/14 HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
6/01 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
5/31 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
3/01 HR 347 Reduce Exacerbated Inflation Negatively Impacting the Nation Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 148)
12/01 H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (52 - 43)
12/01 H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (80 - 15)
11/30 H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - House (290 - 137)
11/30 H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 207)
9/21 S 1098 Joint Consolidation Loan Separation Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 193)
6/15 HR 2543 Federal Reserve Racial and Economic Equity Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 207)
5/19 S 4008 Small Business COVID Relief Act of 2022 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 43)
5/19 HR 7688 Consumer Fuel Price Gouging Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 207)
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