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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 15, 2026 National HR 8595 National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027 Bill Passed - House (217 - 209)
July 13, 2026 National HR 3106 Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 7)
June 29, 2026 National HR 7128 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) Program Reauthorization Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (373 - 15)
June 23, 2026 National S 629 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
June 9, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
June 5, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
June 3, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 20, 2026 National HR 1993 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 0)
April 22, 2026 National HR 6387 Fire Improvement and Reforming Exceptional Events (FIRE) Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 198)
April 20, 2026 National HR 5200 Emergency Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 7)
April 14, 2026 National HR 1011 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (395 - 10)
March 26, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
March 26, 2026 National HR 8029 Pay Our Homeland Defenders Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
March 26, 2026 National H Res 1128 Expressing the support of the House of Representatives for the Department of Homeland Security Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
March 25, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
March 23, 2026 National PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem (54 - 45)
March 22, 2026 National PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 37)
March 20, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 37)
March 12, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 5, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
March 5, 2026 National H Res 1099 Reaffirming Iran remains the largest state sponsor of terrorism Bill Passed - House (372 - 53)
March 5, 2026 National HR 7744 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
Feb. 24, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
Jan. 22, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (220 - 207)
Nov. 19, 2025 National H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
Oct. 28, 2025 National S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
July 31, 2025 National PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
July 30, 2025 National PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
June 10, 2025 National HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
April 1, 2025 National HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
March 31, 2025 National HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
Feb. 25, 2025 National HR 804 Rural Small Business Resilience Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 8)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 10, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 4, 2025 National PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 46)
Feb. 3, 2025 National PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
Jan. 25, 2025 National PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 34)
Jan. 24, 2025 National PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 39)
Jan. 14, 2025 National HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Dec. 10, 2024 National HR 9668 Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend (SHIELD) Against CCP Act Bill Passed - House (409 - 4)
Sept. 20, 2024 National HR 9106 Enhanced Presidential Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (405 - 0)
June 28, 2024 National HR 8752 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (212 - 203)
May 14, 2024 National HR 7659 Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (376 - 16)
April 16, 2024 National HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
April 15, 2024 National HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
April 15, 2024 National HR 5921 No U.S. Financing for Iran Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (294 - 105)
April 15, 2024 National HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
Jan. 17, 2024 National H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
Nov. 30, 2023 National HR 5961 No Funds for Iranian Terrorism Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 119)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
March 10, 2023 National S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 1, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/15 HR 8595 National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027 Bill Passed - House (217 - 209)
7/13 HR 3106 Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 7)
6/29 HR 7128 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) Program Reauthorization Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (373 - 15)
6/23 S 629 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
6/09 S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
6/05 S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
6/03 S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/20 HR 1993 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 0)
4/22 HR 6387 Fire Improvement and Reforming Exceptional Events (FIRE) Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 198)
4/20 HR 5200 Emergency Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 7)
4/14 HR 1011 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (395 - 10)
3/26 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
3/26 HR 8029 Pay Our Homeland Defenders Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
3/26 H Res 1128 Expressing the support of the House of Representatives for the Department of Homeland Security Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
3/25 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
3/23 PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem (54 - 45)
3/22 PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 37)
3/20 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 37)
3/12 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/05 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
3/05 H Res 1099 Reaffirming Iran remains the largest state sponsor of terrorism Bill Passed - House (372 - 53)
3/05 HR 7744 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
2/24 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
2/12 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
1/22 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (220 - 207)
11/19 H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
11/19 HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
11/17 HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
11/17 HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
10/28 S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
7/31 PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
7/30 PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
6/10 HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
4/01 HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
3/31 HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
2/26 S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
2/25 HR 804 Rural Small Business Resilience Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 8)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/18 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
2/12 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/10 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
2/06 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/04 PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 46)
2/03 PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
1/25 PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 34)
1/24 PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 39)
1/14 HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
12/10 HR 9668 Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend (SHIELD) Against CCP Act Bill Passed - House (409 - 4)
9/20 HR 9106 Enhanced Presidential Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (405 - 0)
6/28 HR 8752 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (212 - 203)
5/14 HR 7659 Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (376 - 16)
4/16 HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
4/15 HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
4/15 HR 5921 No U.S. Financing for Iran Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (294 - 105)
4/15 HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
1/17 H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
11/30 HR 5961 No Funds for Iranian Terrorism Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 119)
11/01 HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
11/01 H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
9/28 HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
3/10 S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/09 H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/01 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
1/31 HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
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