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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Aug. 5, 2026 National PN 932 Nomination of Erica Schwartz, of Florida, to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vice Susan Monarez Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
Aug. 5, 2026 National S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
July 30, 2026 National S J Res 199 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Restoring Flexibility in the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF)" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
July 16, 2026 National S J Res 198 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Medicare Program; Implementation of Prior Authorization for Select Services for the Wasteful and Inappropriate Services Reduction (WISeR) Model" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 50)
June 5, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
June 3, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
June 3, 2026 National S J Res 188 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Final Repeal" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
May 13, 2026 National S J Res 141 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Debt Collection Practices (Regulation F); Deceptive and Unfair Collection of Medical Debt" Motion Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
April 29, 2026 National S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
March 25, 2026 National S J Res 103 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Veterans Affairs relating to "Reproductive Health Services" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
March 25, 2026 National S J Res 103 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Veterans Affairs relating to "Reproductive Health Services" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
March 24, 2026 National S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
March 21, 2026 National S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (41 - 49)
March 17, 2026 National S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 48)
Jan. 27, 2026 National S 3627 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 45)
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
Jan. 13, 2026 National S J Res 84 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Market Integrity and Affordability" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
Jan. 13, 2026 National S J Res 84 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Market Integrity and Affordability" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
Jan. 12, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
Jan. 7, 2026 National S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
Jan. 6, 2026 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Dec. 18, 2025 National S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
Dec. 11, 2025 National S 3385 Lower Health Care Costs Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 11, 2025 National S 3386 Health Care Freedom for Patients Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 10, 2025 National S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
Oct. 30, 2025 National S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
Oct. 9, 2025 National H J Res 106 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Oct. 8, 2025 National H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
Oct. 8, 2025 National H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Oct. 7, 2025 National H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Sept. 16, 2025 National S J Res 60 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Emissions Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update". Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
July 29, 2025 National PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 29, 2025 National PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
July 23, 2025 National PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 47)
July 23, 2025 National PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
July 22, 2025 National PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
July 21, 2025 National PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 43)
July 1, 2025 National HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 50)
June 28, 2025 National HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 49)
June 17, 2025 National PN 25-1 Nomination of Gary Andres to be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 40)
June 16, 2025 National PN 25-1 Nomination of Gary Andres to be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 33)
June 10, 2025 National PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 41)
June 9, 2025 National PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
June 5, 2025 National PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
June 4, 2025 National PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
Date No. Title Outcome
8/05 PN 932 Nomination of Erica Schwartz, of Florida, to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vice Susan Monarez Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
8/05 S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
7/30 S J Res 199 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Restoring Flexibility in the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF)" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
7/16 S J Res 198 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Medicare Program; Implementation of Prior Authorization for Select Services for the Wasteful and Inappropriate Services Reduction (WISeR) Model" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 50)
6/05 S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
6/03 S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
6/03 S J Res 188 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Final Repeal" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
5/13 S J Res 141 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to "Debt Collection Practices (Regulation F); Deceptive and Unfair Collection of Medical Debt" Motion Rejected - Senate (50 - 50)
4/29 S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
3/25 S J Res 103 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Veterans Affairs relating to "Reproductive Health Services" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
3/25 S J Res 103 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Veterans Affairs relating to "Reproductive Health Services" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
3/24 S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
3/21 S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (41 - 49)
3/17 S 1383 Veterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 48)
1/27 S 3627 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 45)
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
1/13 S J Res 84 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Market Integrity and Affordability" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
1/13 S J Res 84 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Market Integrity and Affordability" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 52)
1/12 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
1/07 S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
1/06 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
12/18 S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
12/18 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
12/11 S 3385 Lower Health Care Costs Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
12/11 S 3386 Health Care Freedom for Patients Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 48)
12/10 S J Res 82 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services relating to "Policy on Adhering to the Text of the Administrative Procedure Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
11/19 S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
10/30 S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
10/29 S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
10/09 H J Res 106 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Central Yukon Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
10/08 H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
10/08 H J Res 105 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "North Dakota Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
10/07 H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
9/16 S J Res 60 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Emissions Budget and Allowance Allocations for Indiana Under the Revised Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update". Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
8/02 PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
7/29 PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/29 PN 60-14 Nomination of Susan Monarez to be Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
7/23 PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 47)
7/23 PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
7/22 PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
7/21 PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 43)
7/01 HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 50)
6/28 HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 49)
6/17 PN 25-1 Nomination of Gary Andres to be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 40)
6/16 PN 25-1 Nomination of Gary Andres to be an Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 33)
6/10 PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 41)
6/09 PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
6/05 PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
6/04 PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
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