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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 30, 2006 National H Amdt 772 Reverse the Raid on Student Aid Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (200 - 220)
March 30, 2006 National HR 609 College Access and Opportunity Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (221 - 199)
Dec. 14, 2005 National HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (215 - 213)
Dec. 14, 2005 National HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (215 - 213)
Dec. 8, 2005 National HR 4297 Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (234 - 197)
Nov. 17, 2005 National HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Rejected - House (209 - 224)
Nov. 17, 2005 National HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Rejected - House (209 - 224)
July 22, 2005 National H Amdt 511 Advanced Research Opportunities Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (192 - 206)
June 23, 2005 National H Amdt 343 Restoring Funds for Public Broadcasting Amendment Adopted - House (284 - 140)
July 25, 2003 National HR 2210 Head Start Bill Bill Passed - House (217 - 216)
July 9, 2003 National HR 438 Student Loan Forgiveness for Teachers Bill Passed - House (417 - 7)
July 9, 2003 National HR 2211 Ready to Teach Act of 2003 Bill Passed - House (404 - 17)
April 30, 2003 National HR 1350 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (251 - 171)
Dec. 13, 2001 National HR 1 No Child Left Behind Act Conference Report Adopted - House (381 - 41)
May 23, 2001 National HR 1 No Child Left Behind Act Bill Passed - House (384 - 45)
June 13, 2000 National H Amdt 788 Higher Education Funding Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (156 - 267)
Oct. 21, 1999 National HR 2300 Academic Achievement for All Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
Oct. 21, 1999 National HR 2 Education Funding for Disadvantaged Students-Passage Bill Passed - House (358 - 67)
July 20, 1999 National HR 1995 Teacher Empowerment Act Bill Passed - House (239 - 185)
April 21, 1999 National HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 57)
April 21, 1999 National HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 57)
March 11, 1999 National H Amdt 22 High Needs District Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (195 - 223)
March 11, 1999 National HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Bill Passed - House (330 - 90)
March 11, 1999 National HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Bill Passed - House (330 - 90)
March 10, 1999 National H Amdt 20 Student Performance Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 228)
Aug. 6, 1998 National H Amdt 874 Low Income Educational Scholarship Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (214 - 208)
June 18, 1998 National HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Conference Report Adopted - House (225 - 197)
June 18, 1998 National HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Conference Report Adopted - House (225 - 197)
May 6, 1998 National HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Bill Passed - House (414 - 4)
April 30, 1998 National S 1502 Washington, D.C. School Vouchers bill Bill Passed - House (214 - 206)
Feb. 5, 1998 National HR 2846 National Student Testing bill Bill Passed - House (242 - 174)
Nov. 7, 1997 National HR 2264 Appropriations bill FY98, Labor, HHS, Education Conference Report Adopted - House (352 - 65)
Nov. 7, 1997 National HR 2616 Charter School Expansion Act of 1998 Bill Passed - House (367 - 57)
Nov. 4, 1997 National HR 2746 HELP Scholarships bill Bill Failed - House (191 - 228)
Oct. 23, 1997 National HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Bill Passed - House (230 - 198)
Oct. 23, 1997 National HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Bill Passed - House (230 - 198)
May 16, 1997 National HR 1385 Training Programs bill Bill Passed - House (343 - 60)
July 11, 1996 National H Amdt 1264 Education and Training Programs Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (198 - 227)
July 11, 1996 National H Amdt 1265 School Improvement Programs Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (294 - 129)
March 20, 1996 National H Amdt 969 Denying Public Education to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (257 - 163)
Nov. 2, 1995 National HR 2546 Appropriations Bill FY 96, District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (224 - 191)
March 24, 1994 National H Amdt 491 Homosexuality Education Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (224 - 194)
March 24, 1994 National H Amdt 497 Funding and Programs Substitute Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (173 - 245)
March 23, 1994 National HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Conference Report Adopted - House (306 - 121)
March 22, 1994 National H Amdt 488 Optional Abstinence Emphasis Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (262 - 166)
March 9, 1994 National H Amdt 462 Tobacco Education Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (353 - 70)
Oct. 13, 1993 National HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 118)
Oct. 7, 1993 National HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (311 - 115)
Oct. 7, 1993 National HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (311 - 115)
Aug. 6, 1993 National HR 2010 National Service Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (275 - 152)
July 28, 1993 National HR 2010 National Service Bill Bill Passed - House (275 - 152)
June 30, 1993 National HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Bill Passed - House (305 - 124)
June 30, 1993 National HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Bill Passed - House (305 - 124)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/30 H Amdt 772 Reverse the Raid on Student Aid Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (200 - 220)
3/30 HR 609 College Access and Opportunity Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (221 - 199)
12/14 HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (215 - 213)
12/14 HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (215 - 213)
12/08 HR 4297 Tax Relief Extension Reconciliation Act of 2005 Bill Passed - House (234 - 197)
11/17 HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Rejected - House (209 - 224)
11/17 HR 3010 Labor, HHS and Education FY 2006 Appropriations Bill Conference Report Rejected - House (209 - 224)
7/22 H Amdt 511 Advanced Research Opportunities Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (192 - 206)
6/23 H Amdt 343 Restoring Funds for Public Broadcasting Amendment Adopted - House (284 - 140)
7/25 HR 2210 Head Start Bill Bill Passed - House (217 - 216)
7/09 HR 438 Student Loan Forgiveness for Teachers Bill Passed - House (417 - 7)
7/09 HR 2211 Ready to Teach Act of 2003 Bill Passed - House (404 - 17)
4/30 HR 1350 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Bill Passed - House (251 - 171)
12/13 HR 1 No Child Left Behind Act Conference Report Adopted - House (381 - 41)
5/23 HR 1 No Child Left Behind Act Bill Passed - House (384 - 45)
6/13 H Amdt 788 Higher Education Funding Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (156 - 267)
10/21 HR 2300 Academic Achievement for All Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 208)
10/21 HR 2 Education Funding for Disadvantaged Students-Passage Bill Passed - House (358 - 67)
7/20 HR 1995 Teacher Empowerment Act Bill Passed - House (239 - 185)
4/21 HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 57)
4/21 HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - House (368 - 57)
3/11 H Amdt 22 High Needs District Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (195 - 223)
3/11 HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Bill Passed - House (330 - 90)
3/11 HR 800 Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999 Bill Passed - House (330 - 90)
3/10 H Amdt 20 Student Performance Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 228)
8/06 H Amdt 874 Low Income Educational Scholarship Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (214 - 208)
6/18 HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Conference Report Adopted - House (225 - 197)
6/18 HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Conference Report Adopted - House (225 - 197)
5/06 HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Bill Passed - House (414 - 4)
4/30 S 1502 Washington, D.C. School Vouchers bill Bill Passed - House (214 - 206)
2/05 HR 2846 National Student Testing bill Bill Passed - House (242 - 174)
11/07 HR 2264 Appropriations bill FY98, Labor, HHS, Education Conference Report Adopted - House (352 - 65)
11/07 HR 2616 Charter School Expansion Act of 1998 Bill Passed - House (367 - 57)
11/04 HR 2746 HELP Scholarships bill Bill Failed - House (191 - 228)
10/23 HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Bill Passed - House (230 - 198)
10/23 HR 2646 Education Savings Accounts bill Bill Passed - House (230 - 198)
5/16 HR 1385 Training Programs bill Bill Passed - House (343 - 60)
7/11 H Amdt 1264 Education and Training Programs Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (198 - 227)
7/11 H Amdt 1265 School Improvement Programs Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (294 - 129)
3/20 H Amdt 969 Denying Public Education to Undocumented Immigrants Amendment Adopted - House (257 - 163)
11/02 HR 2546 Appropriations Bill FY 96, District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (224 - 191)
3/24 H Amdt 491 Homosexuality Education Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (224 - 194)
3/24 H Amdt 497 Funding and Programs Substitute Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (173 - 245)
3/23 HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Conference Report Adopted - House (306 - 121)
3/22 H Amdt 488 Optional Abstinence Emphasis Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (262 - 166)
3/09 H Amdt 462 Tobacco Education Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (353 - 70)
10/13 HR 1804 Goals 2000: Educate America Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 118)
10/07 HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (311 - 115)
10/07 HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (311 - 115)
8/06 HR 2010 National Service Bill Conference Report Adopted - House (275 - 152)
7/28 HR 2010 National Service Bill Bill Passed - House (275 - 152)
6/30 HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Bill Passed - House (305 - 124)
6/30 HR 2518 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Bill Bill Passed - House (305 - 124)
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