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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 2, 2025 National PN 12-39 Nomination of Dean Sauer to be Solicitor General of the United States Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
March 26, 2025 National PN 12-37 Nomination of Aaron Reitz to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
March 26, 2025 National PN 12-37 Nomination of Aaron Reitz to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
March 14, 2025 National S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Bill Passed - Senate (84 - 15)
March 14, 2025 National S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Bill Passed - Senate (84 - 15)
March 11, 2025 National PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 National S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 National S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
March 5, 2025 National PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 10, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 4, 2025 National PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 46)
Feb. 3, 2025 National PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
Jan. 25, 2025 National PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 34)
Jan. 24, 2025 National PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 39)
Jan. 20, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
Jan. 17, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
Jan. 13, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
Jan. 8, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
May 23, 2024 National S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
April 19, 2024 National HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
April 18, 2024 National HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
May 16, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
March 8, 2023 National H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
Dec. 22, 2022 National HR 2617 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (68 - 29)
Dec. 1, 2022 National H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (52 - 43)
Dec. 1, 2022 National H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (80 - 15)
Nov. 15, 2022 National S J Res 63 A joint resolution relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (62 - 36)
June 23, 2022 National S 2938 Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (65 - 33)
March 15, 2022 National S J Res 37 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention relating to "Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 40)
March 7, 2022 National HR 55 Emmett Till Antilynching Act Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
March 3, 2022 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (48 - 47)
March 2, 2022 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 44)
Feb. 14, 2022 National PN 1593 Nomination of Robert Califf as Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 45)
Dec. 14, 2021 National S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 13)
June 22, 2021 National S 2093 For the People Act of 2021 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 50)
May 28, 2021 National HR 3233 National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 35)
April 22, 2021 National S 937 COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act Bill Passed - Senate (94 - 1)
April 22, 2021 National S 937 COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act Bill Passed - Senate (94 - 1)
April 21, 2021 National PN 79-4 Nomination of Vanita Gupta to be Associate Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
March 10, 2021 National PN 78-7 Nomination of Merrick Garland as Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 30)
March 6, 2021 National HR 1319 American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/02 PN 12-39 Nomination of Dean Sauer to be Solicitor General of the United States Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
3/26 PN 12-37 Nomination of Aaron Reitz to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
3/26 PN 12-37 Nomination of Aaron Reitz to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
3/14 S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Bill Passed - Senate (84 - 15)
3/14 S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Bill Passed - Senate (84 - 15)
3/11 PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
3/05 PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
2/26 S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/18 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
2/12 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/10 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
2/06 PN 11-16 Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/04 PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 46)
2/03 PN 11-2 Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
1/25 PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 34)
1/24 PN 11-11 Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 39)
1/20 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
1/17 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
1/13 S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
1/08 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
5/23 S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
4/19 HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
4/18 HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
5/16 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
3/08 H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
12/22 HR 2617 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (68 - 29)
12/01 H Con Res 119 Providing for a Correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 100. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (52 - 43)
12/01 H J Res 100 To provide for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (80 - 15)
11/15 S J Res 63 A joint resolution relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (62 - 36)
6/23 S 2938 Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (65 - 33)
3/15 S J Res 37 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention relating to "Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 40)
3/07 HR 55 Emmett Till Antilynching Act Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
3/03 S J Res 38 A joint resolution relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (48 - 47)
3/02 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to "Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 44)
2/14 PN 1593 Nomination of Robert Califf as Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 45)
12/14 S 1605 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 13)
6/22 S 2093 For the People Act of 2021 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 50)
5/28 HR 3233 National Commission to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the United States Capitol Complex Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 35)
4/22 S 937 COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act Bill Passed - Senate (94 - 1)
4/22 S 937 COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act Bill Passed - Senate (94 - 1)
4/21 PN 79-4 Nomination of Vanita Gupta to be Associate Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
3/10 PN 78-7 Nomination of Merrick Garland as Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 30)
3/06 HR 1319 American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
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