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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Aug. 7, 2026 National HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
July 29, 2026 National HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (84 - 12)
July 28, 2026 National HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 12)
April 27, 2026 National HR 227 Clergy Act Bill Passed - House (350 - 5)
April 16, 2026 National H Res 1156 Expressing support for tax policies that support working families. Bill Passed - House (219 - 207)
March 25, 2026 National S J Res 107 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Beginning of Construction Requirements for Purposes of the Termination of Clean Electricity Production Credits and Clean Electricity Investment Credits for Applicable Wind and Solar Facilities" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
Feb. 12, 2026 National H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 47)
Feb. 11, 2026 National H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
Feb. 10, 2026 National S J Res 95 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Interim Guidance Simplifying Application of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax to Partnerships" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
Feb. 4, 2026 National H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (215 - 210)
April 1, 2025 National HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
March 31, 2025 National HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
March 31, 2025 National HR 997 National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
Nov. 21, 2024 National HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 184)
Nov. 12, 2024 National HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Failed - House (256 - 145)
Aug. 1, 2024 National HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 44)
May 21, 2024 National HR 5863 Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (382 - 7)
April 15, 2024 National HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (357 - 70)
May 11, 2023 National HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
Jan. 9, 2023 National HR 23 Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
Dec. 22, 2022 National HR 9640 Presidential Tax Filings and Audit Transparency Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
Dec. 28, 2020 National HR 9051 Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help (CASH) Act of 2020 Bill Passed - House (275 - 134)
Feb. 7, 2020 National HR 5687 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief and Puerto Rico Disaster Tax Relief Act, 2020 Bill Passed - House (237 - 161)
Dec. 19, 2019 National HR 5377 Restoring Tax Fairness for States and Localities Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
Sept. 28, 2018 National HR 6760 Protecting Family and Small Business Tax Cuts Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (220 - 191)
Sept. 27, 2018 National HR 6757 Family Savings Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (240 - 177)
Feb. 9, 2018 National HR 1892 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (240 - 186)
Feb. 9, 2018 National HR 1892 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (71 - 28)
Dec. 20, 2017 National HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (224 - 201)
Dec. 20, 2017 National HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 48)
Dec. 19, 2017 National HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Conference Report Adopted - House (227 - 203)
Dec. 2, 2017 National HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
Nov. 16, 2017 National HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 205)
Dec. 18, 2015 National HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (65 - 33)
Dec. 18, 2015 National HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (316 - 113)
Dec. 17, 2015 National HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (318 - 109)
Dec. 11, 2015 National HR 644 Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 Conference Report Adopted - House (256 - 158)
Oct. 1, 2015 National HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
June 18, 2015 National HR 160 Protect Medical Innovation Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (280 - 140)
May 20, 2015 National HR 880 American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
April 16, 2015 National HR 1105 Death Tax Repeal Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
April 16, 2015 National HR 622 State and Local Sales Tax Deduction Fairness Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (272 - 152)
Feb. 13, 2015 National HR 636 America's Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (272 - 142)
Feb. 12, 2015 National HR 644 America Gives More Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (279 - 137)
July 30, 2014 National S 2569 Bring Jobs Home Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 42)
July 29, 2014 National S Amdt 3584 Transportation Empowerment Act Amendment Rejected - Senate (28 - 69)
July 29, 2014 National S Amdt 3583 Appropriates Funds to the Highway Trust Fund Amendment Adopted - Senate (66 - 31)
June 11, 2014 National S 2432 Bank on Students Emergency Loan Refinancing Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (56 - 38)
Date No. Title Outcome
8/07 HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
7/29 HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (84 - 12)
7/28 HR 5334 Supporting Early-childhood Educators' Deductions (SEED) Act of 2025 Cloture Invoked - Senate (86 - 12)
4/27 HR 227 Clergy Act Bill Passed - House (350 - 5)
4/16 H Res 1156 Expressing support for tax policies that support working families. Bill Passed - House (219 - 207)
3/25 S J Res 107 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Beginning of Construction Requirements for Purposes of the Termination of Clean Electricity Production Credits and Clean Electricity Investment Credits for Applicable Wind and Solar Facilities" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
2/12 H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 47)
2/11 H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
2/10 S J Res 95 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Interim Guidance Simplifying Application of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax to Partnerships" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 51)
2/04 H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (215 - 210)
4/01 HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
3/31 HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
3/31 HR 997 National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
1/15 HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
11/21 HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 184)
11/12 HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Failed - House (256 - 145)
8/01 HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 44)
5/21 HR 5863 Federal Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (382 - 7)
4/15 HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
1/31 HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (357 - 70)
5/11 HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
1/09 HR 23 Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
12/22 HR 9640 Presidential Tax Filings and Audit Transparency Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
12/28 HR 9051 Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help (CASH) Act of 2020 Bill Passed - House (275 - 134)
2/07 HR 5687 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief and Puerto Rico Disaster Tax Relief Act, 2020 Bill Passed - House (237 - 161)
12/19 HR 5377 Restoring Tax Fairness for States and Localities Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
9/28 HR 6760 Protecting Family and Small Business Tax Cuts Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (220 - 191)
9/27 HR 6757 Family Savings Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (240 - 177)
2/09 HR 1892 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (240 - 186)
2/09 HR 1892 Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (71 - 28)
12/20 HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (224 - 201)
12/20 HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 48)
12/19 HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Conference Report Adopted - House (227 - 203)
12/02 HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 49)
11/16 HR 1 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 205)
12/18 HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (65 - 33)
12/18 HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (316 - 113)
12/17 HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (318 - 109)
12/11 HR 644 Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 Conference Report Adopted - House (256 - 158)
10/01 HR 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
6/18 HR 160 Protect Medical Innovation Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (280 - 140)
5/20 HR 880 American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
4/16 HR 1105 Death Tax Repeal Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
4/16 HR 622 State and Local Sales Tax Deduction Fairness Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (272 - 152)
2/13 HR 636 America's Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (272 - 142)
2/12 HR 644 America Gives More Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (279 - 137)
7/30 S 2569 Bring Jobs Home Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 42)
7/29 S Amdt 3584 Transportation Empowerment Act Amendment Rejected - Senate (28 - 69)
7/29 S Amdt 3583 Appropriates Funds to the Highway Trust Fund Amendment Adopted - Senate (66 - 31)
6/11 S 2432 Bank on Students Emergency Loan Refinancing Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (56 - 38)
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