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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 29, 2022 National HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
July 29, 2022 National HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
July 29, 2022 National HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
July 29, 2022 National HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
July 28, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
July 28, 2022 National HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
June 16, 2022 National HR 7606 Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (221 - 204)
June 14, 2022 National HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
June 14, 2022 National HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
April 7, 2022 National HR 3807 Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replenishment Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (223 - 203)
March 15, 2022 National S 623 Sunshine Protection Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
March 9, 2022 National HR 6968 Suspending Energy Imports from Russia Act Bill Passed - House (414 - 17)
Nov. 19, 2021 National HR 5376 Build Back Better Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 213)
July 21, 2021 National HR 2467 PFAS Action Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (241 - 183)
June 25, 2021 National S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 191)
June 24, 2021 National S 1251 Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
June 16, 2021 National HR 1187 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
April 28, 2021 National S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
March 18, 2021 National HR 1603 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (247 - 174)
March 15, 2021 National PN 78-11 Nomination of Debra Haaland as Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 40)
March 10, 2021 National PN 78-16 Nomination of Michael Regan as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 34)
Feb. 25, 2021 National PN 78-8 Nomination of Jennifer Granholm as Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (64 - 35)
Feb. 23, 2021 National PN 78-22 Nomination of Thomas J. Vilsack as Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (92 - 7)
Dec. 3, 2020 National HR 1380 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 114)
Sept. 24, 2020 National HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
Sept. 24, 2020 National HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
July 22, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
July 22, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
June 17, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
June 17, 2020 National HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
Feb. 12, 2020 National HR 2546 Protecting Americas Wilderness Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 183)
Jan. 10, 2020 National HR 535 PFAS Action Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 159)
Dec. 11, 2019 National HR 5038 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (260 - 165)
Dec. 2, 2019 National PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 15)
Nov. 21, 2019 National PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (74 - 18)
Oct. 31, 2019 National HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
Oct. 31, 2019 National HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
Oct. 17, 2019 National S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
Oct. 17, 2019 National S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
Sept. 12, 2019 National HR 1146 Arctic Cultural and Coastal Plain Protection Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 193)
Sept. 11, 2019 National HR 1941 Coastal and Marine Economies Protection Act Bill Passed - House (238 - 189)
June 5, 2019 National HR 1921 Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (395 - 22)
May 15, 2019 National HR 312 Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation Reaffirmation Act Bill Passed - House (275 - 146)
May 2, 2019 National HR 9 Climate Action Now Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
May 2, 2019 National HR 9 Climate Action Now Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
April 11, 2019 National PN 503 Nomination of David Bernhardt as the Secretary of the Interior (56 - 41)
March 26, 2019 National S J Res 8 A joint resolution recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (0 - 57)
March 26, 2019 National S J Res 8 A joint resolution recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (0 - 57)
March 25, 2019 National HR 1616 European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (391 - 24)
Feb. 28, 2019 National PN 22 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to be Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency (52 - 47)
Feb. 27, 2019 National PN 22 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to be Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 12, 2019 National S 47 Natural Resources Management Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
Feb. 12, 2019 National S 47 Natural Resources Management Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
Jan. 11, 2019 National HR 266 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
Jan. 11, 2019 National HR 266 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
Dec. 11, 2018 National HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
Nov. 16, 2018 National HR 6784 Manage our Wolves Act Bill Passed - House (196 - 180)
Nov. 14, 2018 National H Res 1142 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6784) to provide for removal of the gray wolf in the contiguous 48 States from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife published under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and providing for proceedings during the period from November 19, 2018, through November 26, 2018. Bill Passed - House (201 - 187)
Aug. 1, 2018 National HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 6)
Aug. 1, 2018 National HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 6)
July 19, 2018 National HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (217 - 199)
July 19, 2018 National H Con Res 119 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Bill Passed - House (229 - 180)
July 19, 2018 National HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (217 - 199)
July 12, 2018 National HR 3281 Reclamation Title Transfer and Non-Federal Infrastructure Incentivization Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 184)
July 11, 2018 National HR 200 Strengthening Fishing Communities and Increasing Flexibility in Fisheries Management Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 193)
July 11, 2018 National HR 200 Strengthening Fishing Communities and Increasing Flexibility in Fisheries Management Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 193)
June 28, 2018 National HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
June 26, 2018 National HR 2083 Endangered Salmon and Fisheries Predation Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (288 - 116)
June 26, 2018 National HR 2083 Endangered Salmon and Fisheries Predation Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (288 - 116)
June 21, 2018 National HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (213 - 211)
May 10, 2018 National HR 3053 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (340 - 72)
May 10, 2018 National HR 3053 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (340 - 72)
April 25, 2018 National HR 3144 To provide for operations of the Federal Columbia River Power System pursuant to a certain operation plan for a specified period of time, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (225 - 189)
April 12, 2018 National PN 1426 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (53 - 45)
April 12, 2018 National PN 1426 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/29 HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
7/29 HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
7/29 HR 263 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (278 - 134)
7/29 HR 5118 Continental Divide Trail Completion Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 199)
7/28 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
7/28 HR 7776 James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (93 - 1)
6/16 HR 7606 Meat and Poultry Special Investigator Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (221 - 204)
6/14 HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
6/14 HR 2773 Recovering America's Wildlife Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
4/07 HR 3807 Restaurant Revitalization Fund Replenishment Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (223 - 203)
3/15 S 623 Sunshine Protection Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (100 - 0)
3/09 HR 6968 Suspending Energy Imports from Russia Act Bill Passed - House (414 - 17)
11/19 HR 5376 Build Back Better Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 213)
7/21 HR 2467 PFAS Action Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (241 - 183)
6/25 S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 191)
6/24 S 1251 Growing Climate Solutions Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
6/16 HR 1187 ESG Disclosure Simplification Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
4/28 S J Res 14 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Oil and Natural Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources Review" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 42)
3/18 HR 1603 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 Bill Passed - House (247 - 174)
3/15 PN 78-11 Nomination of Debra Haaland as Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 40)
3/10 PN 78-16 Nomination of Michael Regan as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 34)
2/25 PN 78-8 Nomination of Jennifer Granholm as Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (64 - 35)
2/23 PN 78-22 Nomination of Thomas J. Vilsack as Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (92 - 7)
12/03 HR 1380 Big Cat Public Safety Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 114)
9/24 HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
9/24 HR 4447 Expanding Access to Sustainable Energy Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (220 - 185)
7/22 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
7/22 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (310 - 107)
6/17 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
6/17 HR 1957 Great American Outdoors Act Bill Passed - Senate (73 - 25)
2/12 HR 2546 Protecting Americas Wilderness Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 183)
1/10 HR 535 PFAS Action Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 159)
12/11 HR 5038 Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (260 - 165)
12/02 PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (70 - 15)
11/21 PN 1268 Nomination of Dan Brouillette as the Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (74 - 18)
10/31 HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
10/31 HR 823 Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 182)
10/17 S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
10/17 S J Res 53 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Repeal of the Clean Power Plan; Emission Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Existing Electric Utility Generating Units; Revisions to Emission Guidelines Implementing Regulations" Bill Failed - Senate (41 - 53)
9/12 HR 1146 Arctic Cultural and Coastal Plain Protection Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 193)
9/11 HR 1941 Coastal and Marine Economies Protection Act Bill Passed - House (238 - 189)
6/05 HR 1921 Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (395 - 22)
5/15 HR 312 Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation Reaffirmation Act Bill Passed - House (275 - 146)
5/02 HR 9 Climate Action Now Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
5/02 HR 9 Climate Action Now Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 190)
4/11 PN 503 Nomination of David Bernhardt as the Secretary of the Interior (56 - 41)
3/26 S J Res 8 A joint resolution recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (0 - 57)
3/26 S J Res 8 A joint resolution recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (0 - 57)
3/25 HR 1616 European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019 Bill Passed - House (391 - 24)
2/28 PN 22 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to be Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency (52 - 47)
2/27 PN 22 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to be Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
2/12 S 47 Natural Resources Management Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
2/12 S 47 Natural Resources Management Act Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 8)
1/11 HR 266 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
1/11 HR 266 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
12/11 HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
11/16 HR 6784 Manage our Wolves Act Bill Passed - House (196 - 180)
11/14 H Res 1142 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6784) to provide for removal of the gray wolf in the contiguous 48 States from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife published under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and providing for proceedings during the period from November 19, 2018, through November 26, 2018. Bill Passed - House (201 - 187)
8/01 HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 6)
8/01 HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 6)
7/19 HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (217 - 199)
7/19 H Con Res 119 Expressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy. Bill Passed - House (229 - 180)
7/19 HR 6147 Interior, Environment, Financial Services, and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 Bill Passed - House (217 - 199)
7/12 HR 3281 Reclamation Title Transfer and Non-Federal Infrastructure Incentivization Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 184)
7/11 HR 200 Strengthening Fishing Communities and Increasing Flexibility in Fisheries Management Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 193)
7/11 HR 200 Strengthening Fishing Communities and Increasing Flexibility in Fisheries Management Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 193)
6/28 HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
6/26 HR 2083 Endangered Salmon and Fisheries Predation Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (288 - 116)
6/26 HR 2083 Endangered Salmon and Fisheries Predation Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (288 - 116)
6/21 HR 2 Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (213 - 211)
5/10 HR 3053 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (340 - 72)
5/10 HR 3053 Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2018 Bill Passed - House (340 - 72)
4/25 HR 3144 To provide for operations of the Federal Columbia River Power System pursuant to a certain operation plan for a specified period of time, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (225 - 189)
4/12 PN 1426 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (53 - 45)
4/12 PN 1426 Nomination of Andrew Wheeler to Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
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