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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 13, 2000 National S Amdt 3821 Estate Tax Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
April 13, 2000 National H Con Res 290 Congressional Budget resolution FY 2001 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
April 7, 2000 National H Con Res 290 Congressional Budget resolution FY 2001 Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
Feb. 3, 2000 National PN 729 Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Chairman Nomination Confirmed - Senate (89 - 4)
Feb. 2, 2000 National HR 833 Bankruptcy Reform bill Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 14)
Nov. 19, 1999 National HR 3194 District of Columbia FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 24)
Nov. 2, 1999 National HR 3064 DC/Labor/HHS/Education FY 2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (49 - 48)
Oct. 15, 1999 National HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
Oct. 13, 1999 National HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 26)
Oct. 6, 1999 National HR 2606 Foreign Operations FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 49)
Oct. 4, 1999 National HR 2084 Transportation Department FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 3)
Sept. 28, 1999 National HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 3)
Sept. 23, 1999 National HR 2466 Interior Department FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (89 - 10)
Sept. 22, 1999 National S 1059 FY 2000 Defense Authorization Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
Sept. 16, 1999 National HR 2587 District of Columbia FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 39)
Sept. 16, 1999 National HR 2490 Appropriations bill FY2000, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 38)
Aug. 5, 1999 National HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
July 30, 1999 National S 1429 Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999 Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 43)
June 30, 1999 National S 1234 Foreign Operations FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (97 - 2)
June 16, 1999 National HR 1905 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2000 Bill Passed - Senate (95 - 4)
June 16, 1999 National S 1205 Military Construction FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (97 - 2)
May 27, 1999 National S 1059 FY 2000 Defense Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 3)
May 20, 1999 National HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 36)
May 6, 1999 National S 900 Financial Services Modernization Bill Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 44)
April 15, 1999 National H Con Res 68 Congressional Budget Resolution, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 44)
March 25, 1999 National S Amdt 178 Agricultural Appropriations Amendment Amendment Tabled - Senate (53 - 45)
March 25, 1999 National H Con Res 68 Congressional Budget Resolution, FY 2000 Resolution Passed - Senate (55 - 44)
Oct. 21, 1998 National HR 4328 Appropriations bill FY99, Omnibus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (65 - 29)
Oct. 8, 1998 National HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 1)
Oct. 8, 1998 National S 442 Internet Tax Freedom bill Bill Passed - Senate (96 - 2)
Oct. 6, 1998 National HR 4101 Agriculture FY99 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 43)
Sept. 29, 1998 National HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 0)
Sept. 3, 1998 National HR 4104 Appropriations bill FY99, Treasury, Postal Service Bill Passed - Senate (91 - 5)
July 29, 1998 National S Amdt 3359 Married Tax Filing Amendment Amendment Not Tabled - Senate (48 - 51)
July 21, 1998 National HR 4112 Legislative Branch FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (90 - 9)
July 9, 1998 National HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Bill Passed - Senate (96 - 1)
May 22, 1998 National HR 2400 Transportation Reauthorization bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 5)
April 30, 1998 National HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
April 28, 1998 National HR 1757 State Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 49)
April 2, 1998 National S Con Res 86 Budget Resolution FY99 Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 41)
March 12, 1998 National S Amdt 1676 Intermodal Transportation Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (96 - 4)
Nov. 8, 1997 National HR 2264 Appropriations bill FY98, Labor, HHS, Education Conference Report Adopted - Senate (91 - 4)
Oct. 28, 1997 National HR 2107 Interior Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (84 - 14)
Oct. 1, 1997 National HR 2378 Appropriations bill FY98, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 45)
Sept. 25, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
Sept. 11, 1997 National S Amdt 1122 Education Funding Amendment Amendment Not Tabled - Senate (49 - 51)
July 31, 1997 National HR 2014 Budget Reconciliation Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
July 31, 1997 National HR 2015 Budget Reconciliation bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (85 - 15)
June 26, 1997 National S Amdt 527 Family Tax Relief Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (38 - 61)
June 12, 1997 National HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
June 5, 1997 National HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (67 - 31)
June 5, 1997 National H Con Res 84 Budget Resolution FY1999-2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (76 - 22)
May 23, 1997 National H Con Res 84 Budget Resolution FY1999-2000 Resolution Passed - Senate (78 - 22)
May 22, 1997 National S Amdt 301 Budget Deficit Amendment Amendment Tabled - Senate (52 - 47)
March 4, 1997 National S J Res 1 Balanced Budget amendment Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (66 - 34)
Sept. 17, 1996 National HR 3816 Appropriations bill FY97, Energy and Water Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
Aug. 2, 1996 National HR 3448 Minimum Wage Increase bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (76 - 22)
July 9, 1996 National HR 3448 Minimum Wage Increase bill Bill Passed - Senate (74 - 24)
June 20, 1996 National PN 953 Alice M. Rivlin, Federal Reserve Vice-Chair Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 41)
June 20, 1996 National PN 951 Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Chairman Nomination Confirmed - Senate (91 - 7)
June 13, 1996 National H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
June 6, 1996 National H J Res 1 Balanced Budget Proposed Constitutional Amendment Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (64 - 35)
April 25, 1996 National HR 3019 Appropriations bill FY96, Omnibus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
March 28, 1996 National HR 1561 Authorization bill, FY96-97, Foreign Relations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 44)
March 19, 1996 National HR 3019 Appropriations bill FY96, Omnibus Bill Passed - Senate (79 - 21)
Dec. 22, 1995 National HR 4 Welfare Reform Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 47)
Dec. 14, 1995 National HR 2099 Veterans Affairs, HUD FY '96 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 44)
Dec. 14, 1995 National HR 1977 Interior Department FY96 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (58 - 40)
Dec. 14, 1995 National HR 1561 Authorization bill, FY96-97, Foreign Relations Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 16)
Dec. 7, 1995 National HR 2076 Appropriations bill FY96, Commerce, Justice, State Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 16, 1995 National H J Res 122 Continuing Appropriation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 37)
Nov. 15, 1995 National HR 2020 Appropriations bill FY96, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (63 - 35)
Nov. 1, 1995 National HR 1868 Appropriations bill, FY96, Foreign Relations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (90 - 6)
Oct. 28, 1995 National HR 2491 Budget Reconciliation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
Sept. 19, 1995 National HR 4 Welfare Reform Bill Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 12)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/13 S Amdt 3821 Estate Tax Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
4/13 H Con Res 290 Congressional Budget resolution FY 2001 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
4/07 H Con Res 290 Congressional Budget resolution FY 2001 Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
2/03 PN 729 Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Chairman Nomination Confirmed - Senate (89 - 4)
2/02 HR 833 Bankruptcy Reform bill Bill Passed - Senate (83 - 14)
11/19 HR 3194 District of Columbia FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 24)
11/02 HR 3064 DC/Labor/HHS/Education FY 2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (49 - 48)
10/15 HR 2684 Veterans Affairs and HUD Appropriations bill, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
10/13 HR 1906 FY 2000 Agriculture Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (74 - 26)
10/06 HR 2606 Foreign Operations FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 49)
10/04 HR 2084 Transportation Department FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 3)
9/28 HR 2605 Energy FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 3)
9/23 HR 2466 Interior Department FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (89 - 10)
9/22 S 1059 FY 2000 Defense Authorization Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
9/16 HR 2587 District of Columbia FY2000 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 39)
9/16 HR 2490 Appropriations bill FY2000, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 38)
8/05 HR 2488 Financial Freedom Act of 1999 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 49)
7/30 S 1429 Taxpayer Refund Act of 1999 Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 43)
6/30 S 1234 Foreign Operations FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (97 - 2)
6/16 HR 1905 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2000 Bill Passed - Senate (95 - 4)
6/16 S 1205 Military Construction FY2000 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (97 - 2)
5/27 S 1059 FY 2000 Defense Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (92 - 3)
5/20 HR 1141 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations-Conference Report Conference Report Adopted - Senate (64 - 36)
5/06 S 900 Financial Services Modernization Bill Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 44)
4/15 H Con Res 68 Congressional Budget Resolution, FY 2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 44)
3/25 S Amdt 178 Agricultural Appropriations Amendment Amendment Tabled - Senate (53 - 45)
3/25 H Con Res 68 Congressional Budget Resolution, FY 2000 Resolution Passed - Senate (55 - 44)
10/21 HR 4328 Appropriations bill FY99, Omnibus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (65 - 29)
10/08 HR 4194 FY 1999 VA-HUD Appropriations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 1)
10/08 S 442 Internet Tax Freedom bill Bill Passed - Senate (96 - 2)
10/06 HR 4101 Agriculture FY99 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 43)
9/29 HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (96 - 0)
9/03 HR 4104 Appropriations bill FY99, Treasury, Postal Service Bill Passed - Senate (91 - 5)
7/29 S Amdt 3359 Married Tax Filing Amendment Amendment Not Tabled - Senate (48 - 51)
7/21 HR 4112 Legislative Branch FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (90 - 9)
7/09 HR 6 Higher Education Programs Authorization Extension bill Bill Passed - Senate (96 - 1)
5/22 HR 2400 Transportation Reauthorization bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 5)
4/30 HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
4/28 HR 1757 State Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (51 - 49)
4/02 S Con Res 86 Budget Resolution FY99 Resolution Passed - Senate (57 - 41)
3/12 S Amdt 1676 Intermodal Transportation Amendment Amendment Adopted - Senate (96 - 4)
11/08 HR 2264 Appropriations bill FY98, Labor, HHS, Education Conference Report Adopted - Senate (91 - 4)
10/28 HR 2107 Interior Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (84 - 14)
10/01 HR 2378 Appropriations bill FY98, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (55 - 45)
9/25 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (93 - 5)
9/11 S Amdt 1122 Education Funding Amendment Amendment Not Tabled - Senate (49 - 51)
7/31 HR 2014 Budget Reconciliation Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
7/31 HR 2015 Budget Reconciliation bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (85 - 15)
6/26 S Amdt 527 Family Tax Relief Amendment Amendment Rejected - Senate (38 - 61)
6/12 HR 1871 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - Senate (78 - 21)
6/05 HR 1469 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (67 - 31)
6/05 H Con Res 84 Budget Resolution FY1999-2000 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (76 - 22)
5/23 H Con Res 84 Budget Resolution FY1999-2000 Resolution Passed - Senate (78 - 22)
5/22 S Amdt 301 Budget Deficit Amendment Amendment Tabled - Senate (52 - 47)
3/04 S J Res 1 Balanced Budget amendment Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (66 - 34)
9/17 HR 3816 Appropriations bill FY97, Energy and Water Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (92 - 8)
8/02 HR 3448 Minimum Wage Increase bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (76 - 22)
7/09 HR 3448 Minimum Wage Increase bill Bill Passed - Senate (74 - 24)
6/20 PN 953 Alice M. Rivlin, Federal Reserve Vice-Chair Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 41)
6/20 PN 951 Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Chairman Nomination Confirmed - Senate (91 - 7)
6/13 H Con Res 178 Fiscal Year 1997 Budget Resolution Conference Report Adopted - Senate (53 - 46)
6/06 H J Res 1 Balanced Budget Proposed Constitutional Amendment Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (64 - 35)
4/25 HR 3019 Appropriations bill FY96, Omnibus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (88 - 11)
3/28 HR 1561 Authorization bill, FY96-97, Foreign Relations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 44)
3/19 HR 3019 Appropriations bill FY96, Omnibus Bill Passed - Senate (79 - 21)
12/22 HR 4 Welfare Reform Bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 47)
12/14 HR 2099 Veterans Affairs, HUD FY '96 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (54 - 44)
12/14 HR 1977 Interior Department FY96 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - Senate (58 - 40)
12/14 HR 1561 Authorization bill, FY96-97, Foreign Relations Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 16)
12/07 HR 2076 Appropriations bill FY96, Commerce, Justice, State Conference Report Adopted - Senate (50 - 48)
11/16 H J Res 122 Continuing Appropriation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 37)
11/15 HR 2020 Appropriations bill FY96, Treasury, Postal Service Conference Report Adopted - Senate (63 - 35)
11/01 HR 1868 Appropriations bill, FY96, Foreign Relations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (90 - 6)
10/28 HR 2491 Budget Reconciliation Bill Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
9/19 HR 4 Welfare Reform Bill Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 12)
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