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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 27, 2023 National S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 206)
July 27, 2023 National S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 209)
July 27, 2023 National S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
July 27, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
July 20, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
July 19, 2023 National HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
July 18, 2023 National H Con Res 57 Expressing the sense of Congress supporting the State of Israel Joint Resolution Passed - House (412 - 9)
July 14, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
June 23, 2023 National HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
June 22, 2023 National H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
June 22, 2023 National H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
June 21, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
June 21, 2023 National H Res 521 Censuring Adam Schiff, Representative of the 30th Congressional District of California. Resolution Passed - House (213 - 209)
June 21, 2023 National HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
June 15, 2023 National HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
June 14, 2023 National HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
June 14, 2023 National HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
June 13, 2023 National H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Passed - House (219 - 210)
June 13, 2023 National HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
June 1, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
June 1, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
May 31, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
May 25, 2023 National HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
May 24, 2023 National H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/27 S J Res 9 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Threatened Status with Section 4(d) Rule for the Northern Distinct Population Segment and Endangered Status for the Southern Distinct Population Segment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 206)
7/27 S J Res 24 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for Northern Long-Eared Bat". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 209)
7/27 S 2226 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (86 - 11)
7/27 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
7/20 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 69)
7/19 HR 3941 Schools Not Shelters Act Bill Passed - House (222 - 201)
7/18 H Con Res 57 Expressing the sense of Congress supporting the State of Israel Joint Resolution Passed - House (412 - 9)
7/14 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
6/23 HR 3564 Middle Class Borrower Protection Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (230 - 189)
6/22 H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
6/22 H Res 529 Relating to the resolution (H. Res. 503) impeaching Joseph R. Biden, Jr., President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. Resolution Passed - House (219 - 208)
6/22 H Res 461 Condemning the use of elementary and secondary school facilities to provide shelter for aliens who are not admitted to the United States. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 201)
6/21 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Veto Override Failed - Senate (50 - 50)
6/21 H Res 521 Censuring Adam Schiff, Representative of the 30th Congressional District of California. Resolution Passed - House (213 - 209)
6/21 HR 3799 CHOICE Arrangement Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 209)
6/15 HR 288 Separation of Powers Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 211)
6/14 HR 277 Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (221 - 210)
6/14 HR 1640 Save Our Gas Stoves Act Bill Passed - House (249 - 181)
6/13 H J Res 44 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'". Joint Resolution Passed - House (219 - 210)
6/13 HR 1615 Gas Stove Protection and Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 180)
6/01 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
6/01 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (63 - 36)
5/31 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
5/25 HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
5/24 H J Res 45 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans". Joint Resolution Passed - House (218 - 203)
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