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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 3, 2025 National HR 1804 7(a) Loan Agent Oversight Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 3)
June 2, 2025 National PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
May 22, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 212)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
May 21, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
May 21, 2025 National S J Res 55 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration relating to "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Fuel System Integrity of Hydrogen Vehicles; Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Integrity; Incorporation by Reference". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 21, 2025 National S J Res 55 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration relating to "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Fuel System Integrity of Hydrogen Vehicles; Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Integrity; Incorporation by Reference". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 20, 2025 National HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 19, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
May 19, 2025 National HR 1286 Simplifying Forms for Veterans Claims Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 1)
May 19, 2025 National HR 1263 Strengthening the Quad Act Bill Passed - House (334 - 51)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 National S Res 195 A resolution requesting information on El Salvador's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Motion Rejected - Senate (45 - 50)
May 15, 2025 National HR 2255 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (234 - 182)
May 15, 2025 National HR 2240 Improving Law Enforcement Officer Safety and Wellness Through Data Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 11)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
May 14, 2025 National H Res 352 Calling on elected officials and civil society leaders to counter antisemitism and educate the public on the contributions of the Jewish American community. Resolution Passed - House (421 - 1)
May 14, 2025 National HR 2243 Law Enforcement Officer Safety Act (LEOSA) Reform Act Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
May 13, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 13, 2025 National H Con Res 30 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers. Joint Resolution Passed - House (411 - 1)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
May 8, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
May 8, 2025 National S J Res 7 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate Program". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 38)
May 8, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
May 8, 2025 National HR 276 Gulf of America Act Bill Passed - House (211 - 206)
May 7, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
May 7, 2025 National HR 1503 Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (406 - 1)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/03 HR 1804 7(a) Loan Agent Oversight Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 3)
6/02 PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
5/22 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
5/22 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 212)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
5/21 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
5/21 S J Res 55 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration relating to "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Fuel System Integrity of Hydrogen Vehicles; Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Integrity; Incorporation by Reference". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/21 S J Res 55 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration relating to "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Fuel System Integrity of Hydrogen Vehicles; Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Integrity; Incorporation by Reference". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/20 HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/19 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
5/19 HR 1286 Simplifying Forms for Veterans Claims Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 1)
5/19 HR 1263 Strengthening the Quad Act Bill Passed - House (334 - 51)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 S Res 195 A resolution requesting information on El Salvador's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Motion Rejected - Senate (45 - 50)
5/15 HR 2255 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (234 - 182)
5/15 HR 2240 Improving Law Enforcement Officer Safety and Wellness Through Data Act Bill Passed - House (403 - 11)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
5/14 H Res 352 Calling on elected officials and civil society leaders to counter antisemitism and educate the public on the contributions of the Jewish American community. Resolution Passed - House (421 - 1)
5/14 HR 2243 Law Enforcement Officer Safety Act (LEOSA) Reform Act Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
5/13 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/13 H Con Res 30 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers. Joint Resolution Passed - House (411 - 1)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
5/08 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
5/08 S J Res 7 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate Program". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 38)
5/08 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
5/08 HR 276 Gulf of America Act Bill Passed - House (211 - 206)
5/07 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
5/07 HR 1503 Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (406 - 1)
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