Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 MI SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
May 13, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 VT S 125 Authorizes Supervisors in Vermont's Judiciary System to Form a Union Bill Passed - House (81 - 51)
May 13, 2025 IA HF 972 Requires the Iowa Health and Human Services Department (HHS) to Use No More than $150 Million Federal Funds to Create 115 New Medical Residency Slots at State Teaching Hospitals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 4)
May 13, 2025 ME LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (74 - 65)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
May 13, 2025 WI AB 140 Exempts Tax Incremental District Number 5 in the City of Port Washington From Limits on Taxable Property Bill Passed - House (91 - 6)
May 13, 2025 PA HB 1396 Establishes Elections Regulations Bill Passed - House (102 - 101)
May 13, 2025 PA SB 90 Establishes Entry Level Training and Testing for Services of the Firefighter I Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 NV AB 530 Authorizes the Clark County Commission to Continue Fuel Tax Increases Without Voter Approval Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
May 12, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
5/13 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 S 125 Authorizes Supervisors in Vermont's Judiciary System to Form a Union Bill Passed - House (81 - 51)
5/13 HF 972 Requires the Iowa Health and Human Services Department (HHS) to Use No More than $150 Million Federal Funds to Create 115 New Medical Residency Slots at State Teaching Hospitals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 4)
5/13 LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (74 - 65)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
5/13 AB 140 Exempts Tax Incremental District Number 5 in the City of Port Washington From Limits on Taxable Property Bill Passed - House (91 - 6)
5/13 HB 1396 Establishes Elections Regulations Bill Passed - House (102 - 101)
5/13 SB 90 Establishes Entry Level Training and Testing for Services of the Firefighter I Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 AB 530 Authorizes the Clark County Commission to Continue Fuel Tax Increases Without Voter Approval Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
5/12 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)

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