Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 16, 2023 VA SB 1492 Exempts Retired and Off-Duty Police Officers from the Prohibition of Firearms in the State Capital Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
Feb. 16, 2023 UT HB 143 Prohibits Parents Without Visitation Rights from Interfering with the Custody of a Child Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
Feb. 16, 2023 SD HB 1235 Authorizes a COVID-19 Vaccine Conscience Exemption Bill Failed - House (30 - 39)
Feb. 16, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
Feb. 16, 2023 ND SB 2248 Establishes Penalty for an Individual Caught Aiding Injury or Death of Another Caused by Illegal Drug Substances Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
Feb. 16, 2023 ND SB 2248 Establishes Penalty for an Individual Caught Aiding Injury or Death of Another Caused by Illegal Drug Substances Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
Feb. 16, 2023 MD HB 279 Establishes a Prescription Drug Affordability Board Bill Passed - House (97 - 38)
Feb. 16, 2023 MT HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Bill Passed - House (67 - 31)
Feb. 16, 2023 NC SB 41 Expands Conceal Carry Permits in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
Feb. 15, 2023 VA SB 898 Requires Safety Courses for Conceal-Carry Licenses Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
Feb. 15, 2023 OR SB 310 Increases Penalty for Antitrust Violations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
Feb. 15, 2023 ND HB 1489 Prohibits Collegiate Transgender Athletes from Competing with the Gender They Identify As Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
Feb. 15, 2023 ND HB 1249 Requires Classification of Student Athletes Based on "Biological Sex" Bill Passed - House (78 - 15)
Feb. 14, 2023 UT HJR 2 Amends how State Courts can Grant Injunctions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 14)
Feb. 14, 2023 NY A 3340 Amends State Penal Law to Modify Rape Convictions Bill Passed - House (129 - 12)
Feb. 13, 2023 VA SB 1291 Classifies Making a False Report to Emergency Personnel as a Class 1 Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (88 - 8)
Feb. 13, 2023 SD HB 1135 Establishes Transparency in the Pricing of Prescription Drugs Bill Passed - House (62 - 5)
Feb. 13, 2023 MN HF 2 Establishes 12 Weeks of Paid Family and Medical Leave Bill Passed - House (70 - 60)
Feb. 13, 2023 GA SB 44 Increases Penalties for Gang Recruitment Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 22)
Feb. 13, 2023 SD SB 207 Establishes Penalties for Appropriating Public Funds to Influence an Election Result Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
Feb. 10, 2023 UT HJR 2 Amends how State Courts can Grant Injunctions Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 6)
Feb. 10, 2023 FL SB 4-B Authorizes Office of Statewide Prosecution to Investigate Voting-Related Crimes Bill Passed - House (77 - 33)
Feb. 9, 2023 MS HB 1105 Authorizes Certain Government Employees of the Secretary of State to Carry Firearms Bill Passed - House (89 - 21)
Feb. 9, 2023 NM HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - House (37 - 32)
Feb. 9, 2023 UT HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - House (60 - 13)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (250 - 173)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 9, 2023 IA HF 159 Prohibits Use of Trans or Gay Panic Defense in Assault Cases Bill Passed - House (94 - 1)
Feb. 8, 2023 IA HF 161 Establishes a $1 Million Cap on Noneconomic Damages in Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
Feb. 8, 2023 NC HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
Feb. 8, 2023 NC HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
Feb. 8, 2023 IA HF 161 Establishes a $1 Million Cap on Noneconomic Damages in Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (54 - 46)
Feb. 8, 2023 FL SB 4-B Authorizes Office of Statewide Prosecution to Investigate Voting-Related Crimes Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Feb. 7, 2023 VA HB 2387 Establishes a Refundable Income Tax Credit for Firearm Safety Devices Bill Passed - House (98 - 1)
Feb. 7, 2023 MS HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
Feb. 7, 2023 VA SB 1515 Establishes Civil Liability for or Publishing or Distributing Material Harmful to Minors on the Internet Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
Feb. 6, 2023 VA SB 1361 Amends Parole Rules in the state of Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Feb. 6, 2023 UT HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - House (57 - 12)
Feb. 3, 2023 UT HB 195 Requires School Employees Who are Under Criminal Investigation To Be Put On Paid Leave Bill Passed - House (42 - 30)
Feb. 3, 2023 VA HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 2, 2023 MN HF 28 Expands Voting Rights to Ex-Felons Bill Passed - House (71 - 59)
Feb. 2, 2023 VA HB 2467 Requires Photo ID for the Purpose of Purchasing a Firearm Bill Passed - House (73 - 27)
Feb. 1, 2023 UT SB 86 Repeals Fentanyl Testing Strips from the List of Drug Paraphernalia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
Feb. 1, 2023 UT SB 86 Repeals Fentanyl Testing Strips from the List of Drug Paraphernalia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
Feb. 1, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
Feb. 1, 2023 WA SB 5028 Amends Process for Legal Name Change Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
Jan. 31, 2023 VA SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
Jan. 31, 2023 National HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
Jan. 31, 2023 VA SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Jan. 26, 2023 MN HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 19)
Jan. 25, 2023 NY S 345 Establishes 6-Year Statute of Limitations for Employment Discrimination Claims Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
Jan. 25, 2023 NY S 345 Establishes 6-Year Statute of Limitations for Employment Discrimination Claims Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
Jan. 24, 2023 NY A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. (43 - 20)
Jan. 24, 2023 IN HB 1306 Increases Penalty for Killing Law Enforcement Animal Bill Passed - House (89 - 8)
Jan. 24, 2023 NY A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
Jan. 24, 2023 WV SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
Jan. 24, 2023 NY A 975 Establishes the Crime of Unlawful Dissemination of Anothers Image Bill Passed - House (141 - 3)
Jan. 23, 2023 VA SB 888 Prohibits the Required Imposition of Mandatory Consecutive Sentences of Imprisonment Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 17)
Jan. 19, 2023 WI SJR 2 Requires a Defendant's Potential Risk Factors be Considered when Setting Bail Joint Resolution Passed - House (74 - 23)
Jan. 18, 2023 AR HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
Jan. 18, 2023 AR HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
Jan. 17, 2023 WI SJR 2 Requires a Defendant's Potential Risk Factors be Considered when Setting Bail Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
Jan. 11, 2023 MN HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (111 - 19)
Jan. 11, 2023 MT HB 71 Amends State Alcohol Laws Bill Passed - House (95 - 3)
Jan. 11, 2023 National H Con Res 3 Expressing the sense of Congress condemning the recent attacks on pro-life facilities, groups, and churches Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 209)
Jan. 10, 2023 IL HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 41)
Jan. 10, 2023 National H Res 12 Establishing a Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government as a select investigative subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary Resolution Passed - House (221 - 211)
Jan. 10, 2023 National H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
Jan. 9, 2023 IL HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 20)
Jan. 6, 2023 IL SB 2226 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery, and Purchase of Assault Weapons in the State Bill Passed - House (64 - 43)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/16 SB 1492 Exempts Retired and Off-Duty Police Officers from the Prohibition of Firearms in the State Capital Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
2/16 HB 143 Prohibits Parents Without Visitation Rights from Interfering with the Custody of a Child Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
2/16 HB 1235 Authorizes a COVID-19 Vaccine Conscience Exemption Bill Failed - House (30 - 39)
2/16 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
2/16 SB 2248 Establishes Penalty for an Individual Caught Aiding Injury or Death of Another Caused by Illegal Drug Substances Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
2/16 SB 2248 Establishes Penalty for an Individual Caught Aiding Injury or Death of Another Caused by Illegal Drug Substances Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
2/16 HB 279 Establishes a Prescription Drug Affordability Board Bill Passed - House (97 - 38)
2/16 HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Bill Passed - House (67 - 31)
2/16 SB 41 Expands Conceal Carry Permits in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
2/15 SB 898 Requires Safety Courses for Conceal-Carry Licenses Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
2/15 SB 310 Increases Penalty for Antitrust Violations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
2/15 HB 1489 Prohibits Collegiate Transgender Athletes from Competing with the Gender They Identify As Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
2/15 HB 1249 Requires Classification of Student Athletes Based on "Biological Sex" Bill Passed - House (78 - 15)
2/14 HJR 2 Amends how State Courts can Grant Injunctions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 14)
2/14 A 3340 Amends State Penal Law to Modify Rape Convictions Bill Passed - House (129 - 12)
2/13 SB 1291 Classifies Making a False Report to Emergency Personnel as a Class 1 Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (88 - 8)
2/13 HB 1135 Establishes Transparency in the Pricing of Prescription Drugs Bill Passed - House (62 - 5)
2/13 HF 2 Establishes 12 Weeks of Paid Family and Medical Leave Bill Passed - House (70 - 60)
2/13 SB 44 Increases Penalties for Gang Recruitment Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 22)
2/13 SB 207 Establishes Penalties for Appropriating Public Funds to Influence an Election Result Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
2/10 HJR 2 Amends how State Courts can Grant Injunctions Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 6)
2/10 SB 4-B Authorizes Office of Statewide Prosecution to Investigate Voting-Related Crimes Bill Passed - House (77 - 33)
2/09 HB 1105 Authorizes Certain Government Employees of the Secretary of State to Carry Firearms Bill Passed - House (89 - 21)
2/09 HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - House (37 - 32)
2/09 HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - House (60 - 13)
2/09 H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (250 - 173)
2/09 H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/09 HF 159 Prohibits Use of Trans or Gay Panic Defense in Assault Cases Bill Passed - House (94 - 1)
2/08 HF 161 Establishes a $1 Million Cap on Noneconomic Damages in Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
2/08 HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
2/08 HB 40 Increases Penalties for Rioting Bill Passed - House (75 - 43)
2/08 HF 161 Establishes a $1 Million Cap on Noneconomic Damages in Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (54 - 46)
2/08 SB 4-B Authorizes Office of Statewide Prosecution to Investigate Voting-Related Crimes Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
2/07 HB 2387 Establishes a Refundable Income Tax Credit for Firearm Safety Devices Bill Passed - House (98 - 1)
2/07 HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
2/07 SB 1515 Establishes Civil Liability for or Publishing or Distributing Material Harmful to Minors on the Internet Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
2/06 SB 1361 Amends Parole Rules in the state of Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
2/06 HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - House (57 - 12)
2/03 HB 195 Requires School Employees Who are Under Criminal Investigation To Be Put On Paid Leave Bill Passed - House (42 - 30)
2/03 HB 2385 Prohibits Use of TikTok on Government-Issued Devices Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/02 HF 28 Expands Voting Rights to Ex-Felons Bill Passed - House (71 - 59)
2/02 HB 2467 Requires Photo ID for the Purpose of Purchasing a Firearm Bill Passed - House (73 - 27)
2/01 SB 86 Repeals Fentanyl Testing Strips from the List of Drug Paraphernalia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
2/01 SB 86 Repeals Fentanyl Testing Strips from the List of Drug Paraphernalia Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 1)
2/01 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
2/01 SB 5028 Amends Process for Legal Name Change Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
1/31 SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
1/31 HR 382 Pandemic is Over Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 210)
1/31 HR 497 Freedom for Health Care Workers Act Bill Passed - House (227 - 203)
1/31 SB 1455 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Establish a Curfew Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
1/26 HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 19)
1/25 S 345 Establishes 6-Year Statute of Limitations for Employment Discrimination Claims Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
1/25 S 345 Establishes 6-Year Statute of Limitations for Employment Discrimination Claims Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
1/24 A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. (43 - 20)
1/24 HB 1306 Increases Penalty for Killing Law Enforcement Animal Bill Passed - House (89 - 8)
1/24 A 1283 Authorizes Constitutional Referendum Prohibiting Discrimination on Basis of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Reproductive Autonomy, Etc. Bill Passed - House (97 - 46)
1/24 SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
1/24 A 975 Establishes the Crime of Unlawful Dissemination of Anothers Image Bill Passed - House (141 - 3)
1/23 SB 888 Prohibits the Required Imposition of Mandatory Consecutive Sentences of Imprisonment Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 17)
1/19 SJR 2 Requires a Defendant's Potential Risk Factors be Considered when Setting Bail Joint Resolution Passed - House (74 - 23)
1/18 HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
1/18 HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
1/17 SJR 2 Requires a Defendant's Potential Risk Factors be Considered when Setting Bail Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
1/11 HF 37 Prohibits Hair Discrimination Bill Passed - House (111 - 19)
1/11 HB 71 Amends State Alcohol Laws Bill Passed - House (95 - 3)
1/11 H Con Res 3 Expressing the sense of Congress condemning the recent attacks on pro-life facilities, groups, and churches Joint Resolution Passed - House (222 - 209)
1/10 HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 41)
1/10 H Res 12 Establishing a Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government as a select investigative subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary Resolution Passed - House (221 - 211)
1/10 H Res 11 Establishing the Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party Resolution Passed - House (365 - 65)
1/09 HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 20)
1/06 SB 2226 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery, and Purchase of Assault Weapons in the State Bill Passed - House (64 - 43)

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