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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 2, 2023 MO SB 186 Establishes a Loan Forgiveness Fund for Police Officers who take Required Training and Work in the State for a Year Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
Feb. 14, 2023 ND SB 2247 Prohibits Discipline Against Students and Staff that Refuse to Learn or Teach "Specified Concepts" Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 6)
Feb. 2, 2023 MD SB 127 Establishes Reporting Requirements for Student FAFSA Data Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 0)
Jan. 24, 2023 WV SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
Oct. 25, 2022 PA HB 2633 Amends Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Language in Previous State Law Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
June 29, 2022 NJ A 3733 Authorizes Students in Higher Education to Earn Graduation Credits for Serving as a Poll Worker Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
June 20, 2022 PA SB 1283 Prohibits Fetal Tissue Research at Universities Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
June 14, 2022 NC SB 256 Limits Appointment Powers of Governor Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
May 18, 2022 AZ HB 2031 Increases Higher Education Access to Individuals with Disabilities Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 0)
April 20, 2022 CT SB 17 Prohibits Colleges from Withholding Transcripts Due to Unpaid Debt Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
April 18, 2022 OK HB 3543 Requires Toleration of Free Speech on College Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 2)
April 14, 2022 ME LD 1820 Establishes a Stronger Governance of the University of Maine System Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
April 11, 2022 TN SB 2153 Limits College Sports Participation on Basis of Sex Assigned at Birth Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
April 4, 2022 GA HB 1435 Amends the Financial Aid Program to Include Students with a Financial Aid Gap (53 - 1)
March 30, 2022 KY HB 290 Establishes Requirements for Student Discipline Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
March 10, 2022 WA HB 1736 Establishes a State Student Loan Program (27 - 21)
March 9, 2022 ME LD 1893 Prohibits Colleges and Universities from Controlling the Use of Student Athletes' Likenesses "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 0)
March 7, 2022 SD HB 1012 Prohibits Teaching "Divisive" Topics at Public Universities Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
March 5, 2022 FL HB 45 Rescinds Tuition Fees for Disabled Veterans Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
March 1, 2022 OR SB 1545 Expands Workforce Development and Diversity Initiatives Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 3)
March 1, 2022 OR SB 1522 Amends Provisions Relating to College Tuition Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 4)
Feb. 22, 2022 WI AB 884 Classifies Courses on U.S. Constitution as Diversity, Ethnic Studies Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
Feb. 14, 2022 CO SB 22-003 Expands Community College Nursing Programs Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
Feb. 10, 2022 FL SB 520 Exempts University President Applicants from Public Records Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 11)
Feb. 5, 2022 NM SB 41 Amends the University Research Park and Economic Development Act Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 10)
Feb. 3, 2022 NH HB 319 Requires College Students Pass the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Naturalization Test "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
Feb. 1, 2022 IN SB 17 Rescinds Legal Protections for Secondary Schools Against Disseminating Harmful Material to Minors Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
Sept. 8, 2021 CA SJR 1 Establishes Resolution Urging Student Debt Cancellation Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
Sept. 2, 2021 CA AB 1550 Establishes New Rules Regarding Higher Education Labor Relations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 11)
June 25, 2021 PA SB 381 Authorizes College Athletes to Profit Off Their Name, Image, and Likeness Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 10)
June 16, 2021 OH SB 126 Expands Criminal Penalties for Hazing and Implements Education and Prevention Procedures Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
June 9, 2021 ME LD 1640 Expands Protections for Campus Free Speech "Ought Not to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 11)
June 3, 2021 OR SB 5 Requires Compensating College Athletes for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
June 1, 2021 CA SB 523 Requires University Health Plans to Include Coverage of Over-the-counter Birth Control and Contraceptives Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
May 20, 2021 OR HB 2542 Requires Oregon Public Colleges to Publicize Information on Student Fees Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
May 19, 2021 MI HB 4407 Appropriates Funding for K-12 School Aid and Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
May 19, 2021 MI HB 4400 Appropriations Funds for Fiscal Year 2022, Including Provisions for Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
May 12, 2021 MO HB 297 Repeals the Cap on Tuition Increases for Universities and Colleges Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
April 27, 2021 DE SB 12 Expands the Student Excellence Equals Degree Scholarship Program Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
April 26, 2021 ND SB 2030 Appropriates Funds for Higher Education on Condition Schools Do Not Sponsor, Promote, or Partner with Pro-Choice Organizations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (35 - 11)
April 26, 2021 ID H 377 Prohibits Teaching the Topic Known as "Critical Race Theory" Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
April 22, 2021 IN SB 414 Requires Universities to Survey Students About the Climate for Free Speech on Campus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (42 - 7)
April 22, 2021 TX SB 1385 Authorized College Athletes to be Paid for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 2)
April 19, 2021 NC HB 243 Authorizes the University of North Carolina System to Cut Salaries and Layoff Employees Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
April 8, 2021 FL SB 86 Establishes a Higher Education Scholarship for Students Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
April 8, 2021 SC S 685 Authorizes College Athletes to be Paid for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 21)
April 7, 2021 FL HB 233 Requires Florida's Public Universities to Conduct Assessments on Intellectual Freedom Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
March 17, 2021 ID S 1179 Appropriates Funds for the Higher Education Budget Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
March 16, 2021 KY HB 563 Establishes a 25 Million Dollar Scholarship through Tax Credits for Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
March 8, 2021 WA SB 5194 Requires Community and Technical Colleges Establish a Faculty Diversity Program Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Feb. 22, 2021 CA SB 132 Requires the University of California to Place all Construction Funds Into an Account With the State Controller Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
Feb. 16, 2021 ID S 1045 Expands the Advanced Opportunities Program to Nonpublic School Students Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
Feb. 15, 2021 AZ SB 1452 Expands Empowerment Scholarship Accounts for Public and Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
Feb. 2, 2021 NY A 2574 Establishes the State University of New York as an Automatic Voter Registration Location Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 20)
Feb. 1, 2021 VA SB 1387 Expands Financial Aid for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
Sept. 23, 2020 MI SB 927 Authorizes an Increase in Funding for Education Conference Report Adopted - Senate (36 - 1)
Aug. 31, 2020 CA SB 493 Requires State-Funded Colleges to Clarify Sexual Assault Allegation Procedures Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
Aug. 28, 2020 CA AB 376 Establishes Protections for Student Loan Borrowers Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
Aug. 13, 2020 NE LB 1089 Requires Filling out a FAFSA Form to Graduate Highschool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 12)
July 30, 2020 NJ S 971 Authorizes Compensation for College Athletes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
June 18, 2020 CA AB 1460 Requires Ethnic Studies Course Completion in State Universities Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
March 16, 2020 ID H 500 Prohibits Transgender Female Students from Sports designated for Females Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
March 16, 2020 KS SB 474 Authorizes Compensation for College Athletes Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 4)
March 11, 2020 National H J Res 76 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Borrower Defense Institutional Accountability" Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 42)
March 9, 2020 WA SB 6561 Establishes a Student Loan Program for Undocumented Students Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 11)
Feb. 25, 2020 SD SB 147 Prohibits Collective Bargaining by Certain University Employees Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
Feb. 11, 2020 VA SB 935 Authorizes In-State Tuition for Undocumented Students Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Jan. 30, 2020 WA SB 6492 Amends the Business and Occupation Tax for Workforce Education Investment Funding Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 21)
Jan. 28, 2020 OH HB 9 Authorizes Receiving a GED from a Higher Education Institution Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
Jan. 28, 2020 GA HB 444 Limits State Funding for Dual Enrollment Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 18)
Jan. 28, 2020 OH SB 40 Prohibits State Universities from Enacting Limitations on Campus Free Speech Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
Oct. 24, 2019 NC HB 231 Authorizes Pay Raises for UNC Systems and Community College Employees Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
Sept. 10, 2019 CA AB 963 Establishes a Student Civic and Voter Empowerment Program at Public Post-Secondary Schools Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
Sept. 3, 2019 CA AB 624 Requires Listing a Sexual Assault Hotline and Reproductive Health Care Telephone Numbers on Student Identification Cards Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 11)
July 24, 2019 KY HB 1 Establishes a State of Emergency for the Kentucky Employees Retirement System Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/02 SB 186 Establishes a Loan Forgiveness Fund for Police Officers who take Required Training and Work in the State for a Year Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
2/14 SB 2247 Prohibits Discipline Against Students and Staff that Refuse to Learn or Teach "Specified Concepts" Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 6)
2/02 SB 127 Establishes Reporting Requirements for Student FAFSA Data Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 0)
1/24 SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
10/25 HB 2633 Amends Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Language in Previous State Law Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
6/29 A 3733 Authorizes Students in Higher Education to Earn Graduation Credits for Serving as a Poll Worker Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
6/20 SB 1283 Prohibits Fetal Tissue Research at Universities Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
6/14 SB 256 Limits Appointment Powers of Governor Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
5/18 HB 2031 Increases Higher Education Access to Individuals with Disabilities Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 0)
4/20 SB 17 Prohibits Colleges from Withholding Transcripts Due to Unpaid Debt Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
4/18 HB 3543 Requires Toleration of Free Speech on College Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 2)
4/14 LD 1820 Establishes a Stronger Governance of the University of Maine System Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
4/11 SB 2153 Limits College Sports Participation on Basis of Sex Assigned at Birth Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
4/04 HB 1435 Amends the Financial Aid Program to Include Students with a Financial Aid Gap (53 - 1)
3/30 HB 290 Establishes Requirements for Student Discipline Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
3/10 HB 1736 Establishes a State Student Loan Program (27 - 21)
3/09 LD 1893 Prohibits Colleges and Universities from Controlling the Use of Student Athletes' Likenesses "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 0)
3/07 HB 1012 Prohibits Teaching "Divisive" Topics at Public Universities Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
3/05 HB 45 Rescinds Tuition Fees for Disabled Veterans Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
3/01 SB 1545 Expands Workforce Development and Diversity Initiatives Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 3)
3/01 SB 1522 Amends Provisions Relating to College Tuition Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 4)
2/22 AB 884 Classifies Courses on U.S. Constitution as Diversity, Ethnic Studies Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
2/14 SB 22-003 Expands Community College Nursing Programs Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
2/10 SB 520 Exempts University President Applicants from Public Records Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 11)
2/05 SB 41 Amends the University Research Park and Economic Development Act Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 10)
2/03 HB 319 Requires College Students Pass the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Naturalization Test "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
2/01 SB 17 Rescinds Legal Protections for Secondary Schools Against Disseminating Harmful Material to Minors Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
9/08 SJR 1 Establishes Resolution Urging Student Debt Cancellation Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
9/02 AB 1550 Establishes New Rules Regarding Higher Education Labor Relations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 11)
6/25 SB 381 Authorizes College Athletes to Profit Off Their Name, Image, and Likeness Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 10)
6/16 SB 126 Expands Criminal Penalties for Hazing and Implements Education and Prevention Procedures Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
6/09 LD 1640 Expands Protections for Campus Free Speech "Ought Not to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 11)
6/03 SB 5 Requires Compensating College Athletes for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 6)
6/01 SB 523 Requires University Health Plans to Include Coverage of Over-the-counter Birth Control and Contraceptives Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
5/20 HB 2542 Requires Oregon Public Colleges to Publicize Information on Student Fees Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
5/19 HB 4407 Appropriates Funding for K-12 School Aid and Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
5/19 HB 4400 Appropriations Funds for Fiscal Year 2022, Including Provisions for Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
5/12 HB 297 Repeals the Cap on Tuition Increases for Universities and Colleges Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
4/27 SB 12 Expands the Student Excellence Equals Degree Scholarship Program Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
4/26 SB 2030 Appropriates Funds for Higher Education on Condition Schools Do Not Sponsor, Promote, or Partner with Pro-Choice Organizations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (35 - 11)
4/26 H 377 Prohibits Teaching the Topic Known as "Critical Race Theory" Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
4/22 SB 414 Requires Universities to Survey Students About the Climate for Free Speech on Campus Conference Report Adopted - Senate (42 - 7)
4/22 SB 1385 Authorized College Athletes to be Paid for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 2)
4/19 HB 243 Authorizes the University of North Carolina System to Cut Salaries and Layoff Employees Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
4/08 SB 86 Establishes a Higher Education Scholarship for Students Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
4/08 S 685 Authorizes College Athletes to be Paid for the Use of their Likeness Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 21)
4/07 HB 233 Requires Florida's Public Universities to Conduct Assessments on Intellectual Freedom Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
3/17 S 1179 Appropriates Funds for the Higher Education Budget Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
3/16 HB 563 Establishes a 25 Million Dollar Scholarship through Tax Credits for Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
3/08 SB 5194 Requires Community and Technical Colleges Establish a Faculty Diversity Program Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
2/22 SB 132 Requires the University of California to Place all Construction Funds Into an Account With the State Controller Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
2/16 S 1045 Expands the Advanced Opportunities Program to Nonpublic School Students Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
2/15 SB 1452 Expands Empowerment Scholarship Accounts for Public and Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
2/02 A 2574 Establishes the State University of New York as an Automatic Voter Registration Location Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 20)
2/01 SB 1387 Expands Financial Aid for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
9/23 SB 927 Authorizes an Increase in Funding for Education Conference Report Adopted - Senate (36 - 1)
8/31 SB 493 Requires State-Funded Colleges to Clarify Sexual Assault Allegation Procedures Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
8/28 AB 376 Establishes Protections for Student Loan Borrowers Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
8/13 LB 1089 Requires Filling out a FAFSA Form to Graduate Highschool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 12)
7/30 S 971 Authorizes Compensation for College Athletes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
6/18 AB 1460 Requires Ethnic Studies Course Completion in State Universities Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
3/16 H 500 Prohibits Transgender Female Students from Sports designated for Females Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
3/16 SB 474 Authorizes Compensation for College Athletes Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 4)
3/11 H J Res 76 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Borrower Defense Institutional Accountability" Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 42)
3/09 SB 6561 Establishes a Student Loan Program for Undocumented Students Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 11)
2/25 SB 147 Prohibits Collective Bargaining by Certain University Employees Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
2/11 SB 935 Authorizes In-State Tuition for Undocumented Students Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
1/30 SB 6492 Amends the Business and Occupation Tax for Workforce Education Investment Funding Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 21)
1/28 HB 9 Authorizes Receiving a GED from a Higher Education Institution Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
1/28 HB 444 Limits State Funding for Dual Enrollment Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 18)
1/28 SB 40 Prohibits State Universities from Enacting Limitations on Campus Free Speech Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
10/24 HB 231 Authorizes Pay Raises for UNC Systems and Community College Employees Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
9/10 AB 963 Establishes a Student Civic and Voter Empowerment Program at Public Post-Secondary Schools Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
9/03 AB 624 Requires Listing a Sexual Assault Hotline and Reproductive Health Care Telephone Numbers on Student Identification Cards Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 11)
7/24 HB 1 Establishes a State of Emergency for the Kentucky Employees Retirement System Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 11)
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