Key Votes
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About the Selection and Descriptions of Key Votes
Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:
- The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
- The vote should be clear for any person to understand
- The vote has received media attention
- The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
- Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added
Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.
For more information about the legislative process, see here.
results per page:
| Date | State | Bill No. | Title | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 13, 2025 | National | PN 13-12 | Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43) |
| March 13, 2025 | National | PN 22-12 | Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45) |
| March 13, 2025 | NM | HJR 2 | Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto | Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0) |
| March 13, 2025 | National | PN 22-12 | Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security | Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45) |
| March 13, 2025 | National | PN 13-12 | Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency | Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41) |
| March 12, 2025 | National | PN 12-42 | Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46) |
| March 12, 2025 | National | PN 19 | Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46) |
| March 12, 2025 | National | PN 12-42 | Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor | Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45) |
| March 12, 2025 | National | PN 19 | Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers | Cloture Invoked - Senate |
| March 11, 2025 | National | PN 13-2 | Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46) |
| March 11, 2025 | National | PN 13-2 | Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46) |
| March 11, 2025 | National | PN 12-41 | Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General | Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19) |
| March 11, 2025 | WV | HB 2009 | Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization | Bill Passed - House (84 - 12) |
| March 11, 2025 | WV | HB 2008 | Amends and Reorganizes the Department of Economic Development into the Department of Commerce | Bill Passed - House (83 - 13) |
| March 10, 2025 | National | PN 11-4 | Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 32) |
| March 6, 2025 | National | PN 12-14 | Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43) |
| March 6, 2025 | National | PN 12-14 | Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security | Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43) |
| March 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-4 | Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor | Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 30) |
| March 5, 2025 | National | PN 12-5 | Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46) |
| March 3, 2025 | National | PN 11-10 | Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45) |
| Feb. 27, 2025 | National | PN 11-10 | Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47) |
| Feb. 27, 2025 | NM | HJR 2 | Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto | Joint Resolution Passed - House (66 - 0) |
| Feb. 26, 2025 | National | PN 11-17 | Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43) |
| Feb. 25, 2025 | National | PN 12-12 | Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28) |
| Feb. 25, 2025 | National | PN 11-10 | Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education | Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47) |
| Feb. 24, 2025 | National | PN 12-12 | Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army | Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28) |
| Feb. 20, 2025 | National | PN 12-35 | Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49) |
| Feb. 20, 2025 | National | PN 12-35 | Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47) |
| Feb. 20, 2025 | OK | HB 2728 | Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 | Bill Passed - House (86 - 3) |
| Feb. 19, 2025 | National | PN 11-18 | Nomination of Kelly Loeffler to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 18, 2025 | National | PN 11-9 | Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45) |
| Feb. 18, 2025 | National | PN 12-35 | Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations | Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | National | PN 11-8 | Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | National | PN 11-12 | Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | National | PN 11-18 | Nomination of Kelly Loeffler to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 43) |
| Feb. 13, 2025 | National | PN 11-9 | Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce | Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45) |
| Feb. 12, 2025 | National | PN 11-16 | Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48) |
| Feb. 12, 2025 | National | PN 11-8 | Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services | Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47) |
| Feb. 10, 2025 | National | PN 11-16 | Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence | Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-22 | Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-12 | Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture | Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-16 | Nomination of Tulsi Gabbard to be Director of National Intelligence | Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-8 | Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services | Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-9 | Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce | Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 6, 2025 | National | PN 11-18 | Nomination of Kelly Loeffler to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration | Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 45) |
| Feb. 5, 2025 | National | PN 11-14 | Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44) |
| Feb. 5, 2025 | National | PN 11-22 | Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47) |
| Feb. 4, 2025 | National | PN 11-2 | Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 46) |
| Feb. 4, 2025 | National | PN 11-5 | Nomination of Douglas Collins to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 23) |
| Feb. 4, 2025 | National | PN 11-14 | Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45) |
| Feb. 3, 2025 | National | PN 11-2 | Nomination of Pamela Bondi to be Attorney General | Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46) |
| Feb. 3, 2025 | National | PN 11-22 | Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46) |
| Jan. 30, 2025 | National | PN 11-15 | Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38) |
| Jan. 30, 2025 | National | PN 11-3 | Nomination of Douglas Burgum to be Secretary of the Interior | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (79 - 18) |
| Jan. 30, 2025 | National | PN 11-5 | Nomination of Douglas Collins to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs | Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 13) |
| Jan. 30, 2025 | National | PN 11-15 | Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy | Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | National | PN 11-23 | Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42) |
| Jan. 29, 2025 | National | PN 11-23 | Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency | Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42) |
| Jan. 28, 2025 | National | PN 11-6 | Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (77 - 22) |
| Jan. 27, 2025 | National | PN 11-1 | Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (68 - 29) |
| Jan. 27, 2025 | National | PN 11-6 | Nomination of Sean Duffy to be Secretary of Transportation | Cloture Invoked - Senate (97 - 0) |
| Jan. 25, 2025 | National | PN 11-11 | Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 34) |
| Jan. 25, 2025 | National | PN 11-1 | Nomination of Scott Bessent to be Secretary of the Treasury | Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 23) |
| Jan. 24, 2025 | National | PN 11-7 | Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 50) |
| Jan. 24, 2025 | National | PN 11-11 | Nomination of Kristi Noem to be Secretary of Homeland Security | Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 39) |
| Jan. 23, 2025 | National | PN 11-19 | Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25) |
| Jan. 23, 2025 | National | PN 11-7 | Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense | Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 49) |
| Jan. 23, 2025 | National | PN 11-19 | Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency | Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26) |
| Jan. 21, 2025 | National | PN 11-7 | Nomination of Peter Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense | Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47) |
| Jan. 21, 2025 | National | PN 11-19 | Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency | Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46) |
| Jan. 20, 2025 | National | PN 11-13 | Nomination of Marco Rubio to be Secretary of State | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (99 - 0) |
| Nov. 13, 2024 | National | PN 923 | Nomination of David Huitema to be Director of the Office of Government Ethics | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 46) |
| Oct. 8, 2024 | WV | SB 2039 | Amends Appropriations to Governor's Office and Civil Contingent Fund | Bill Passed - House (83 - 11) |
| Sept. 24, 2024 | National | PN 1342 | Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs | Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36) |
| Sept. 20, 2024 | National | HR 9106 | Enhanced Presidential Security Act of 2024 | Bill Passed - House (405 - 0) |