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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 NM HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
March 12, 2025 National PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 National PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
March 11, 2025 National PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
March 11, 2025 National PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 11, 2025 National PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
March 11, 2025 WV HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
March 11, 2025 WV HB 2008 Amends and Reorganizes the Department of Economic Development into the Department of Commerce Bill Passed - House (83 - 13)
March 10, 2025 National PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 32)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 National PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 30)
March 5, 2025 National PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 3, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
Feb. 27, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 27, 2025 NM HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - House (66 - 0)
Feb. 26, 2025 National PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
3/12 PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
3/11 PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
3/11 PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/11 PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
3/11 HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
3/11 HB 2008 Amends and Reorganizes the Department of Economic Development into the Department of Commerce Bill Passed - House (83 - 13)
3/10 PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 32)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 30)
3/05 PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/03 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
2/27 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/27 HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - House (66 - 0)
2/26 PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
2/25 PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
2/25 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
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