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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 17, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
Jan. 13, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
Jan. 8, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
June 15, 2024 AZ HCR 2038 Defines "Drug Cartels" as Terrorist Organizations Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (15 - 14)
June 13, 2024 NH HB 1292 Amends State Sanctuary City Policies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
May 23, 2024 National S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
May 8, 2024 CO SB 24-182 Amends the ID Requirement for the Colorado Road and Community Safety Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
May 8, 2024 CO HB 24-1280 Establishes Grant Programs for Community-Based Organizations to Provide Appropriate Services for Migrants who Have Recently Arrived Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
May 2, 2024 NC HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 16)
April 23, 2024 OK HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
April 10, 2024 IL SB 2690 Requires Public Universities to Pay or Reimburse Refugee Transcript Evaluation Fees Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 1)
April 8, 2024 LA SB 388 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 11)
March 25, 2024 TN HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
March 21, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
March 21, 2024 GA HB 301 Limits Law Enforcement Funding for Local Governments with Reduced Immigration Policies Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
March 6, 2024 FL HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
March 5, 2024 IA SF 2340 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
March 4, 2024 OR SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 9)
Feb. 28, 2024 SD HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 4)
Feb. 27, 2024 WA HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 8)
Feb. 21, 2024 AZ SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
Nov. 7, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
Oct. 12, 2023 TX SB 11 Establishes a New State Crime for Illegally Entering Texas from a Foreign Nation Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
Oct. 12, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
June 8, 2023 NY S 2237 Extends Healthcare Coverage for Undocumented Individuals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 21)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
May 30, 2023 CA SB 227 Establishes a State Program to Pay Undocumented Workers Unemployment Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
May 25, 2023 OK SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
May 24, 2023 IL HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
May 24, 2023 TX HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
May 19, 2023 OK SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
May 18, 2023 IL HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 20)
April 25, 2023 FL SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
April 20, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
April 17, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
March 2, 2023 GA SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 20)
Feb. 21, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
Feb. 8, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
July 1, 2022 NC SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 19)
June 23, 2022 RI H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
June 9, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
May 26, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
May 26, 2022 National S J Res 46 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal, and CAT Protection Claims by Asylum Officers". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 48)
May 5, 2022 MA H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
May 5, 2022 RI S 2006 Authorizes "Driver Privilege Cards" for Undocumented Persons (27 - 10)
April 28, 2022 CA SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
April 20, 2022 AZ HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/17 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
1/13 S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
1/08 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
6/15 HCR 2038 Defines "Drug Cartels" as Terrorist Organizations Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (15 - 14)
6/13 HB 1292 Amends State Sanctuary City Policies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
5/23 S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
5/08 SB 24-182 Amends the ID Requirement for the Colorado Road and Community Safety Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
5/08 HB 24-1280 Establishes Grant Programs for Community-Based Organizations to Provide Appropriate Services for Migrants who Have Recently Arrived Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
5/02 HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 16)
4/23 HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
4/10 SB 2690 Requires Public Universities to Pay or Reimburse Refugee Transcript Evaluation Fees Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 1)
4/08 SB 388 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 11)
3/25 HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
3/21 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
3/21 HB 301 Limits Law Enforcement Funding for Local Governments with Reduced Immigration Policies Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
3/06 HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
3/05 SF 2340 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
3/04 SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 9)
2/28 HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 4)
2/27 HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 8)
2/21 SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
11/09 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
11/09 SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
11/08 SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
11/07 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
10/12 SB 11 Establishes a New State Crime for Illegally Entering Texas from a Foreign Nation Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
10/12 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
6/08 S 2237 Extends Healthcare Coverage for Undocumented Individuals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 21)
6/05 SB 419 Establishes State-Funded Insurance for Postpartum Care Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
5/30 SB 227 Establishes a State Program to Pay Undocumented Workers Unemployment Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
5/25 SB 377 Amends Voter Registration Policies and Regulations to Prohibit Undocumented Individuals Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
5/24 HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
5/24 HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 11)
5/19 SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
5/18 HB 3751 Authorizes DACA Recipients to Become Law enforcement Officers Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 20)
4/25 SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
4/20 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
4/17 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
3/02 SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 20)
2/21 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
2/08 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
7/01 SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 19)
6/23 H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
6/09 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
5/26 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
5/26 S J Res 46 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal, and CAT Protection Claims by Asylum Officers". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 48)
5/05 H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
5/05 S 2006 Authorizes "Driver Privilege Cards" for Undocumented Persons (27 - 10)
4/28 SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
4/20 HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
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