Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 10, 2023 TX HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - House (88 - 56)
May 2, 2023 FL SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
April 26, 2023 OK SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
April 25, 2023 FL SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
April 20, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
April 17, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
April 6, 2023 ND SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
March 28, 2023 NC HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 44)
March 23, 2023 IL HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - House (67 - 35)
March 2, 2023 GA SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 20)
Feb. 27, 2023 CO HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
Feb. 21, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
Feb. 14, 2023 NY S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
Feb. 10, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
Feb. 8, 2023 FL SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
Jan. 30, 2023 MN HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
Dec. 15, 2022 National HR 8393 Puerto Rico Status Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 191)
Dec. 6, 2022 National HR 7946 Veteran Service Recognition Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
Aug. 15, 2022 CA SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - House (45 - 19)
July 27, 2022 National HR 3771 South Asian Heart Awareness and Research Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (237 - 192)
July 1, 2022 NC SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 19)
June 30, 2022 NC SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (65 - 47)
June 23, 2022 RI H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
June 22, 2022 RI H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons (55 - 15)
June 9, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
June 8, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - House (119 - 36)
May 26, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (117 - 36)
May 26, 2022 MA H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
May 26, 2022 National S J Res 46 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal, and CAT Protection Claims by Asylum Officers". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 48)
May 5, 2022 MA H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
May 5, 2022 RI S 2006 Authorizes "Driver Privilege Cards" for Undocumented Persons (27 - 10)
April 28, 2022 CA SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
April 25, 2022 AZ HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (37 - 20)
April 20, 2022 AZ HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
April 4, 2022 CO SB 22-103 Authorizes Criminal Defendants to Challenge Their Misdemeanor Guilty Pleas in Court if Not Advised of Immigration Consequences Bill Passed - House (40 - 25)
March 22, 2022 MD SB 523 Repeals Licensure Requirements for Immigrant Healthcare Workers Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 15)
March 15, 2022 NH HB 1266 Prohibits Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (172 - 162)
March 9, 2022 FL SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (77 - 42)
March 4, 2022 OR SB 1560 Amends State Immigration Laws by Replacing Alien with Non-Citizen Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
March 3, 2022 OR SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - House (42 - 16)
March 3, 2022 FL SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 15)
Feb. 25, 2022 OR SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 4)
Feb. 23, 2022 AZ SB 1718 Appropriates Funds for Border Security Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
Feb. 16, 2022 MA H 4461 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Immigrants (120 - 36)
Feb. 16, 2022 MA H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (120 - 36)
Feb. 3, 2022 NH HB 319 Requires College Students Pass the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Naturalization Test "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
Feb. 3, 2022 AZ HR 2004 Establishes Support for Completion of Border Wall Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
Jan. 10, 2022 NH HB 579 Requires Police Provide Public Notice Before Conducting Immigration Checkpoints "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (254 - 85)
Sept. 2, 2021 CA SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 6)
Sept. 1, 2021 CA SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Bill Passed - House (57 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/10 HB 7 Authorizes the Creation of State Border Police Bill Passed - House (88 - 56)
5/02 SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
4/26 SB 212 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Owning Certain Property Bill Passed - House (78 - 6)
4/25 SB 1718 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
4/20 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
4/17 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 5)
4/06 SB 2142 Establishes a State Immigration Office to Help Companies Recruit and Retain Foreign Workers Bill Passed - House (64 - 28)
3/28 HB 10 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 44)
3/23 HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - House (67 - 35)
3/02 SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 20)
2/27 HB 23-1100 Prohibits Government Participation in Civil Immigration Detention Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
2/21 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 31)
2/14 S 819 Requires Food Allergy Awareness be Posted in Non-English Languages Bill Passed - House (97 - 44)
2/10 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - House (77 - 34)
2/08 SB 6-B Establishes Unauthorized Alien Transport Program Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 12)
1/30 HF 4 Authorizes Undocumented Residents to Obtain a State Drivers License Bill Passed - House (69 - 60)
12/15 HR 8393 Puerto Rico Status Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 191)
12/06 HR 7946 Veteran Service Recognition Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
8/15 SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - House (45 - 19)
7/27 HR 3771 South Asian Heart Awareness and Research Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (237 - 192)
7/01 SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 19)
6/30 SB 101 Requires Sheriffs to Cooperate with ICE Bill Passed - House (65 - 47)
6/23 H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
6/22 H 7939 Authorizes Driving Permits for Undocumented Persons (55 - 15)
6/09 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
6/08 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Veto Override Passed - House (119 - 36)
5/26 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (117 - 36)
5/26 H 4805 Authorizes State Drivers Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
5/26 S J Res 46 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Justice and the Department of Homeland Security relating to "Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal, and CAT Protection Claims by Asylum Officers". Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (46 - 48)
5/05 H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons (32 - 8)
5/05 S 2006 Authorizes "Driver Privilege Cards" for Undocumented Persons (27 - 10)
4/28 SB 960 Repeals Citizenship and Permanent Resident Requirements for State Police Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
4/25 HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (37 - 20)
4/20 HB 2696 Expands Prohibition on Human Smuggling Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
4/04 SB 22-103 Authorizes Criminal Defendants to Challenge Their Misdemeanor Guilty Pleas in Court if Not Advised of Immigration Consequences Bill Passed - House (40 - 25)
3/22 SB 523 Repeals Licensure Requirements for Immigrant Healthcare Workers Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 15)
3/15 HB 1266 Prohibits Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (172 - 162)
3/09 SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (77 - 42)
3/04 SB 1560 Amends State Immigration Laws by Replacing Alien with Non-Citizen Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
3/03 SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - House (42 - 16)
3/03 SB 1808 Requires Local Governments to Assist with Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 15)
2/25 SB 1550 Transfers Immigrant Office to Department of Human Services Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 4)
2/23 SB 1718 Appropriates Funds for Border Security Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
2/16 H 4461 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Immigrants (120 - 36)
2/16 H 4470 Authorizes Driver's Licenses for Certain Undocumented Persons Bill Passed - House (120 - 36)
2/03 HB 319 Requires College Students Pass the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Naturalization Test "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (14 - 10)
2/03 HR 2004 Establishes Support for Completion of Border Wall Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
1/10 HB 579 Requires Police Provide Public Notice Before Conducting Immigration Checkpoints "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (254 - 85)
9/02 SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 6)
9/01 SB 714 Authorizes DREAMers to Participate in County Central Committees Bill Passed - House (57 - 11)

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