Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 23, 2023 MI SB 79 Establishes Penalties for Improper Firearm Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
March 21, 2023 MT HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
March 20, 2023 IN HB 1365 Prohibits and Criminalizes "Machine-Gun Conversion" Devices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
March 16, 2023 NM HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 81 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Sales Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 76 Requires Safe Firearm Storage, Background Checks on Unlicensed Gun Sales and Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 77 Amends Various State Handgun Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 78 Amends Sentencing Guidelines for Weapons Charges Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 86 Repeals Fee Requirements for Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 84 Prohibits Individuals with Extreme Risk Protection Orders from Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 83 Establishes State Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 82 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
March 15, 2023 KY HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
March 13, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
March 13, 2023 GA HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 3)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-170 Expands Access to Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-169 Increases Legal Age to Buy Firearms to 21 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
March 11, 2023 WV HB 3354 Authorizes Municipalities to Combine Operations with Other Municipalities Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 54)
March 11, 2023 CO HB 23-1219 Establishes a 3-Day Waiting Period to Purchase Firearms Bill Passed - House (44 - 20)
March 10, 2023 WV SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
March 10, 2023 NM HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
March 8, 2023 WA HB 1240 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
March 7, 2023 WA HB 1143 Establishes a 10-Day Waiting Period for Buying or Transferring Firearms Bill Passed - House (52 - 44)
March 6, 2023 TN HB 1189 Establishes Legal Protections for Gun Dealers, Manufacturers and Sellers Against Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (71 - 24)
March 6, 2023 ID S 1056 Repeals State Law that Prohibits Local Groups from Carrying Firearms in Public Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
March 3, 2023 NM HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
March 2, 2023 MT SB 361 Prohibits Firearm Discrimination By Any Individual or Business Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
March 2, 2023 HI HB 981 Requires Fingerprint Based Criminal History Background Checks for Firearm Owners and Dealers Bill Passed - House (44 - 7)
March 1, 2023 UT HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 6)
March 1, 2023 AZ SB 1428 Prohibits Local Municipalities from Preventing Gun Shows Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
Feb. 28, 2023 IN SB 343 Amends Definitions of Machine-Guns for Increased Felony Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 10)
Feb. 27, 2023 GA HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - House (148 - 20)
Feb. 23, 2023 SC H 3594 Authorizes Permitless Carriage of Firearms by Eligible Adults Bill Passed - House (87 - 26)
Feb. 22, 2023 KY HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - House (78 - 19)
Feb. 21, 2023 IN HB 1365 Prohibits and Criminalizes "Machine-Gun Conversion" Devices Bill Passed - House (68 - 24)
Feb. 21, 2023 AZ HB 2394 Prohibits Any County or Municipality in Arizona from Enacting New Taxes, Levies or Fees on Firearms or Ammunition Bill Passed - House (31 - 29)
Feb. 21, 2023 AZ SB 1096 Prohibits Public Contracts of Over $100K that Do Not Include Firearm Protections Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
Feb. 20, 2023 ND HB 1340 Prohibits Local Governments from Enforcing Stricter Gun Laws then Passed by the State Bill Passed - House (83 - 10)
Feb. 16, 2023 VA SB 1492 Exempts Retired and Off-Duty Police Officers from the Prohibition of Firearms in the State Capital Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
Feb. 16, 2023 MT HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Bill Passed - House (67 - 31)
Feb. 16, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
Feb. 16, 2023 NC SB 41 Expands Conceal Carry Permits in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
Feb. 15, 2023 VA SB 898 Requires Safety Courses for Conceal-Carry Licenses Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
Feb. 9, 2023 MS HB 1105 Authorizes Certain Government Employees of the Secretary of State to Carry Firearms Bill Passed - House (89 - 21)
Feb. 9, 2023 NM HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - House (37 - 32)
Feb. 9, 2023 UT HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - House (60 - 13)
Feb. 7, 2023 VA HB 2387 Establishes a Refundable Income Tax Credit for Firearm Safety Devices Bill Passed - House (98 - 1)
Feb. 6, 2023 UT HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - House (57 - 12)
Feb. 2, 2023 VA HB 2467 Requires Photo ID for the Purpose of Purchasing a Firearm Bill Passed - House (73 - 27)
Jan. 24, 2023 WV SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
Jan. 18, 2023 AR HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
Jan. 10, 2023 IL HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 41)
Jan. 9, 2023 IL HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 20)
Jan. 6, 2023 IL SB 2226 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery, and Purchase of Assault Weapons in the State Bill Passed - House (64 - 43)
Dec. 19, 2022 NJ A 4769 Establishes Gun Free Zones Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
Dec. 14, 2022 OH SB 16 Amends Various Criminal Justice Reforms Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 20)
Dec. 1, 2022 OH SB 185 Prohibits Local Governments from Confiscating Firearms During Declared Emergencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 22)
Nov. 21, 2022 NJ A 4769 Establishes Gun Free Zones Bill Passed - House (43 - 29)
Sept. 28, 2022 MI HB 6354 Amends Law in Regard to Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
Sept. 21, 2022 MI HB 6354 Amends Law in Regard to Hunting (73 - 33)
Aug. 16, 2022 CA SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
Aug. 11, 2022 CA SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (53 - 19)
July 29, 2022 National HR 1808 Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
July 13, 2022 National HR 6538 Active Shooter Alert Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (260 - 169)
July 1, 2022 NY S 51001 Requires Social Media Account Disclosure for Individuals Applying for a Handgun License Bill Passed - House (90 - 52)
July 1, 2022 NY S 51001 Requires Social Media Account Disclosure for Individuals Applying for a Handgun License Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 20)
June 30, 2022 CA AB 2571 Prohibits Marketing of Firearms to Minors; Authorizes Lawsuits Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 15)
June 30, 2022 NC HB 49 Repeals Concealed Carry Firearms Safety Training Requirement in Some Cases Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
June 30, 2022 MI HB 4698 Prohibits Making False Threats of Mass Shootings Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
June 29, 2022 CA AB 311 Prohibits the Sale of Firearms in Certain Areas Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 18)
June 29, 2022 CA AB 1621 Limits the Manufacture of Ghost Guns Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 14)
June 29, 2022 CA AB 2551 Establishes Procedures to Notify Law Enforcement About Firearm Violations Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/23 SB 79 Establishes Penalties for Improper Firearm Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
3/21 HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
3/20 HB 1365 Prohibits and Criminalizes "Machine-Gun Conversion" Devices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
3/16 HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
3/16 SB 81 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Sales Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
3/16 SB 76 Requires Safe Firearm Storage, Background Checks on Unlicensed Gun Sales and Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 77 Amends Various State Handgun Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 78 Amends Sentencing Guidelines for Weapons Charges Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 86 Repeals Fee Requirements for Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 84 Prohibits Individuals with Extreme Risk Protection Orders from Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 83 Establishes State Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 82 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
3/15 HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
3/13 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
3/13 HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 3)
3/13 SB 23-170 Expands Access to Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
3/13 SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
3/13 SB 23-169 Increases Legal Age to Buy Firearms to 21 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
3/11 HB 3354 Authorizes Municipalities to Combine Operations with Other Municipalities Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 54)
3/11 HB 23-1219 Establishes a 3-Day Waiting Period to Purchase Firearms Bill Passed - House (44 - 20)
3/10 SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
3/10 HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
3/08 HB 1240 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
3/07 HB 1143 Establishes a 10-Day Waiting Period for Buying or Transferring Firearms Bill Passed - House (52 - 44)
3/06 HB 1189 Establishes Legal Protections for Gun Dealers, Manufacturers and Sellers Against Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (71 - 24)
3/06 S 1056 Repeals State Law that Prohibits Local Groups from Carrying Firearms in Public Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
3/03 HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
3/03 HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
3/02 SB 361 Prohibits Firearm Discrimination By Any Individual or Business Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
3/02 HB 981 Requires Fingerprint Based Criminal History Background Checks for Firearm Owners and Dealers Bill Passed - House (44 - 7)
3/01 HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 6)
3/01 SB 1428 Prohibits Local Municipalities from Preventing Gun Shows Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
2/28 SB 343 Amends Definitions of Machine-Guns for Increased Felony Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 10)
2/27 HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - House (148 - 20)
2/23 H 3594 Authorizes Permitless Carriage of Firearms by Eligible Adults Bill Passed - House (87 - 26)
2/22 HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - House (78 - 19)
2/21 HB 1365 Prohibits and Criminalizes "Machine-Gun Conversion" Devices Bill Passed - House (68 - 24)
2/21 HB 2394 Prohibits Any County or Municipality in Arizona from Enacting New Taxes, Levies or Fees on Firearms or Ammunition Bill Passed - House (31 - 29)
2/21 SB 1096 Prohibits Public Contracts of Over $100K that Do Not Include Firearm Protections Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 13)
2/20 HB 1340 Prohibits Local Governments from Enforcing Stricter Gun Laws then Passed by the State Bill Passed - House (83 - 10)
2/16 SB 1492 Exempts Retired and Off-Duty Police Officers from the Prohibition of Firearms in the State Capital Bill Passed - House (59 - 40)
2/16 HB 356 Prohibits the State from Contracting with Companies that Discriminate Against Firearms Bill Passed - House (67 - 31)
2/16 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
2/16 SB 41 Expands Conceal Carry Permits in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
2/15 SB 898 Requires Safety Courses for Conceal-Carry Licenses Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
2/09 HB 1105 Authorizes Certain Government Employees of the Secretary of State to Carry Firearms Bill Passed - House (89 - 21)
2/09 HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - House (37 - 32)
2/09 HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - House (60 - 13)
2/07 HB 2387 Establishes a Refundable Income Tax Credit for Firearm Safety Devices Bill Passed - House (98 - 1)
2/06 HB 107 Repeals Fees for Conceal Carry Permits for School Employees Bill Passed - House (57 - 12)
2/02 HB 2467 Requires Photo ID for the Purpose of Purchasing a Firearm Bill Passed - House (73 - 27)
1/24 SB 10 Authorizes College Campus Concealed-Carry Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
1/18 HB 1018 Authorizes Bomb Squads to Carry Weapons and Make Arrests Bill Passed - House (71 - 9)
1/10 HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 41)
1/09 HB 5471 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 20)
1/06 SB 2226 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery, and Purchase of Assault Weapons in the State Bill Passed - House (64 - 43)
12/19 A 4769 Establishes Gun Free Zones Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
12/14 SB 16 Amends Various Criminal Justice Reforms Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 20)
12/01 SB 185 Prohibits Local Governments from Confiscating Firearms During Declared Emergencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 22)
11/21 A 4769 Establishes Gun Free Zones Bill Passed - House (43 - 29)
9/28 HB 6354 Amends Law in Regard to Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
9/21 HB 6354 Amends Law in Regard to Hunting (73 - 33)
8/16 SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
8/11 SB 1384 Requires Firearm Dealers to Use Video Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (53 - 19)
7/29 HR 1808 Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
7/13 HR 6538 Active Shooter Alert Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (260 - 169)
7/01 S 51001 Requires Social Media Account Disclosure for Individuals Applying for a Handgun License Bill Passed - House (90 - 52)
7/01 S 51001 Requires Social Media Account Disclosure for Individuals Applying for a Handgun License Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 20)
6/30 AB 2571 Prohibits Marketing of Firearms to Minors; Authorizes Lawsuits Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 15)
6/30 HB 49 Repeals Concealed Carry Firearms Safety Training Requirement in Some Cases Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
6/30 HB 4698 Prohibits Making False Threats of Mass Shootings Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
6/29 AB 311 Prohibits the Sale of Firearms in Certain Areas Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 18)
6/29 AB 1621 Limits the Manufacture of Ghost Guns Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 14)
6/29 AB 2551 Establishes Procedures to Notify Law Enforcement About Firearm Violations Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)

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