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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 24, 1998 National HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (373 - 50)
Sept. 24, 1998 National HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (373 - 50)
Sept. 24, 1998 National HR 3736 Nonimmigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - House (288 - 133)
Sept. 17, 1998 National H Amdt 907 US Army School of the Americas Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (201 - 212)
Sept. 17, 1998 National H Amdt 907 US Army School of the Americas Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (201 - 212)
Sept. 17, 1998 National HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
Sept. 17, 1998 National HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
Sept. 17, 1998 National HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
Sept. 17, 1998 National HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
July 30, 1998 National H J Res 120 Vietnam Trade Waiver Disapproval resolution Joint Resolution Failed - House (163 - 260)
July 22, 1998 National H J Res 121 Disapproval of 'Normal Trade Relations' Status with China Joint Resolution Failed - House (166 - 264)
June 24, 1998 National HR 4103 Defense Department FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (358 - 61)
June 24, 1998 National HR 4103 Defense Department FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (358 - 61)
June 22, 1998 National HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
June 22, 1998 National HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
June 22, 1998 National HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
June 4, 1998 National H Con Res 285 Tiananmen Square Resolution Resolution Passed - House (305 - 116)
May 21, 1998 National HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (357 - 60)
May 21, 1998 National HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (357 - 60)
May 20, 1998 National H Amdt 643 Abortion Private Funding Restoration Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 232)
May 14, 1998 National HR 2431 Religious Freedom Bill Passed - House (375 - 41)
April 30, 1998 National HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (242 - 163)
April 30, 1998 National HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (242 - 163)
March 31, 1998 National HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (212 - 208)
March 31, 1998 National HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (212 - 208)
March 18, 1998 National H Con Res 227 Bosnia and Herzegovina U.S. Troop Removal Resolution Resolution Failed - House (193 - 225)
March 18, 1998 National H Con Res 227 Bosnia and Herzegovina U.S. Troop Removal Resolution Resolution Failed - House (193 - 225)
March 17, 1998 National H Res 364 Human Rights in China Resolution Passed - House (397 - 0)
March 11, 1998 National HR 1432 African Growth bill Bill Passed - House (233 - 186)
Feb. 5, 1998 National HR 2631 Line Item Veto Cancellation bill Veto Override Passed - House (347 - 69)
Nov. 13, 1997 National HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (333 - 76)
Nov. 13, 1997 National H Con Res 137 Iraq War Crimes Tribunal Resolution Passed - House (396 - 2)
Nov. 8, 1997 National HR 2631 Line Item Veto Cancellation bill Bill Passed - House (352 - 64)
Nov. 7, 1997 National S 858 Intelligence FY98 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (385 - 36)
Nov. 7, 1997 National HR 2647 PLA Monitoring bill Bill Passed - House (408 - 10)
Nov. 7, 1997 National HR 2647 PLA Monitoring bill Bill Passed - House (408 - 10)
Nov. 6, 1997 National HR 2386 U.S.-Taiwan Missile Defense Cooperation bill Bill Passed - House (301 - 116)
Nov. 5, 1997 National HR 2358 China Political Freedom bill Bill Passed - House (416 - 5)
Nov. 4, 1997 National HR 2644 United States-Caribbean Trade Partnership Act Bill Failed - House (182 - 234)
Oct. 28, 1997 National HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (286 - 123)
Oct. 28, 1997 National HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (286 - 123)
Sept. 25, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
Sept. 25, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
Sept. 25, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
Sept. 4, 1997 National H Amdt 314 Army School of the Americas amendment Amendment Rejected - House (210 - 217)
Sept. 4, 1997 National H Amdt 314 Army School of the Americas amendment Amendment Rejected - House (210 - 217)
Sept. 4, 1997 National HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (375 - 49)
July 29, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
July 29, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
July 29, 1997 National HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
July 22, 1997 National H Res 175 Republic of Congo Elections Resolution Failed - House (279 - 147)
June 25, 1997 National HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (304 - 120)
June 25, 1997 National HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (304 - 120)
June 24, 1997 National H Amdt 203 Bosnia Deployment Termination Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (278 - 148)
June 24, 1997 National H Amdt 203 Bosnia Deployment Termination Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (278 - 148)
June 24, 1997 National H Amdt 204 Bosnia Deployment Extension Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 231)
June 24, 1997 National H Amdt 204 Bosnia Deployment Extension Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 231)
June 24, 1997 National H J Res 79 China Most-Favored-Nation Resolution Joint Resolution Failed - House (173 - 259)
June 23, 1997 National H Amdt 192 Border Defense Personnel Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (269 - 119)
June 23, 1997 National H Amdt 198 B-2 Bomber Program Termination Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (209 - 216)
June 23, 1997 National H Amdt 192 Border Defense Personnel Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (269 - 119)
June 19, 1997 National H Amdt 187 Overseas Military Facilities Abortion Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 224)
June 4, 1997 National H Amdt 138 U.S. Withdrawal from the U.N. Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (54 - 369)
Feb. 13, 1997 National HR 581 Population Planning Bill Bill Passed - House (231 - 194)
Sept. 25, 1996 National HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Conference Report Adopted - House (305 - 123)
Aug. 2, 1996 National HR 3953 Aviation Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1996 Bill Passed - House (389 - 22)
Aug. 1, 1996 National HR 3230 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 Conference Report Adopted - House (285 - 132)
Aug. 1, 1996 National HR 3230 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 Conference Report Adopted - House (285 - 132)
Aug. 1, 1996 National HR 123 English as the National Language Bill Passed - House (259 - 169)
June 13, 1996 National H Amdt 1164 Department of Defense Appropriations Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (194 - 219)
June 13, 1996 National H Amdt 1167 Spaced-based Weapons Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 208)
June 13, 1996 National H Amdt 1167 Spaced-based Weapons Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 208)
May 22, 1996 National H Amdt 1075 Disclosure of Intelligence Spending Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (176 - 248)
May 15, 1996 National H Amdt 1057 Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (202 - 220)
May 15, 1996 National H Amdt 1057 Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (202 - 220)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/24 HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (373 - 50)
9/24 HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (373 - 50)
9/24 HR 3736 Nonimmigrant Specialty Workers bill Bill Passed - House (288 - 133)
9/17 H Amdt 907 US Army School of the Americas Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (201 - 212)
9/17 H Amdt 907 US Army School of the Americas Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (201 - 212)
9/17 HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
9/17 HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
9/17 HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
9/17 HR 4569 Appropriations Bill FY99, Foreign Operations Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
7/30 H J Res 120 Vietnam Trade Waiver Disapproval resolution Joint Resolution Failed - House (163 - 260)
7/22 H J Res 121 Disapproval of 'Normal Trade Relations' Status with China Joint Resolution Failed - House (166 - 264)
6/24 HR 4103 Defense Department FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (358 - 61)
6/24 HR 4103 Defense Department FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (358 - 61)
6/22 HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
6/22 HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
6/22 HR 4059 Military Construction FY99 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (396 - 10)
6/04 H Con Res 285 Tiananmen Square Resolution Resolution Passed - House (305 - 116)
5/21 HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (357 - 60)
5/21 HR 3616 Defense Department FY99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (357 - 60)
5/20 H Amdt 643 Abortion Private Funding Restoration Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 232)
5/14 HR 2431 Religious Freedom Bill Passed - House (375 - 41)
4/30 HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (242 - 163)
4/30 HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (242 - 163)
3/31 HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (212 - 208)
3/31 HR 3579 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (212 - 208)
3/18 H Con Res 227 Bosnia and Herzegovina U.S. Troop Removal Resolution Resolution Failed - House (193 - 225)
3/18 H Con Res 227 Bosnia and Herzegovina U.S. Troop Removal Resolution Resolution Failed - House (193 - 225)
3/17 H Res 364 Human Rights in China Resolution Passed - House (397 - 0)
3/11 HR 1432 African Growth bill Bill Passed - House (233 - 186)
2/05 HR 2631 Line Item Veto Cancellation bill Veto Override Passed - House (347 - 69)
11/13 HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (333 - 76)
11/13 H Con Res 137 Iraq War Crimes Tribunal Resolution Passed - House (396 - 2)
11/08 HR 2631 Line Item Veto Cancellation bill Bill Passed - House (352 - 64)
11/07 S 858 Intelligence FY98 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (385 - 36)
11/07 HR 2647 PLA Monitoring bill Bill Passed - House (408 - 10)
11/07 HR 2647 PLA Monitoring bill Bill Passed - House (408 - 10)
11/06 HR 2386 U.S.-Taiwan Missile Defense Cooperation bill Bill Passed - House (301 - 116)
11/05 HR 2358 China Political Freedom bill Bill Passed - House (416 - 5)
11/04 HR 2644 United States-Caribbean Trade Partnership Act Bill Failed - House (182 - 234)
10/28 HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (286 - 123)
10/28 HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Conference Report Adopted - House (286 - 123)
9/25 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
9/25 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
9/25 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Conference Report Adopted - House (356 - 65)
9/04 H Amdt 314 Army School of the Americas amendment Amendment Rejected - House (210 - 217)
9/04 H Amdt 314 Army School of the Americas amendment Amendment Rejected - House (210 - 217)
9/04 HR 2159 Foreign Operations FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (375 - 49)
7/29 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
7/29 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
7/29 HR 2266 Defense Department FY98 Appropriations bill Bill Passed - House (322 - 105)
7/22 H Res 175 Republic of Congo Elections Resolution Failed - House (279 - 147)
6/25 HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (304 - 120)
6/25 HR 1119 Defense Department FY98-99 Authorization bill Bill Passed - House (304 - 120)
6/24 H Amdt 203 Bosnia Deployment Termination Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (278 - 148)
6/24 H Amdt 203 Bosnia Deployment Termination Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (278 - 148)
6/24 H Amdt 204 Bosnia Deployment Extension Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 231)
6/24 H Amdt 204 Bosnia Deployment Extension Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 231)
6/24 H J Res 79 China Most-Favored-Nation Resolution Joint Resolution Failed - House (173 - 259)
6/23 H Amdt 192 Border Defense Personnel Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (269 - 119)
6/23 H Amdt 198 B-2 Bomber Program Termination Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (209 - 216)
6/23 H Amdt 192 Border Defense Personnel Amendment Amendment Adopted - House (269 - 119)
6/19 H Amdt 187 Overseas Military Facilities Abortion Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (196 - 224)
6/04 H Amdt 138 U.S. Withdrawal from the U.N. Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (54 - 369)
2/13 HR 581 Population Planning Bill Bill Passed - House (231 - 194)
9/25 HR 2202 Immigration Reform bill Conference Report Adopted - House (305 - 123)
8/02 HR 3953 Aviation Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1996 Bill Passed - House (389 - 22)
8/01 HR 3230 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 Conference Report Adopted - House (285 - 132)
8/01 HR 3230 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 Conference Report Adopted - House (285 - 132)
8/01 HR 123 English as the National Language Bill Passed - House (259 - 169)
6/13 H Amdt 1164 Department of Defense Appropriations Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (194 - 219)
6/13 H Amdt 1167 Spaced-based Weapons Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 208)
6/13 H Amdt 1167 Spaced-based Weapons Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (190 - 208)
5/22 H Amdt 1075 Disclosure of Intelligence Spending Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (176 - 248)
5/15 H Amdt 1057 Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (202 - 220)
5/15 H Amdt 1057 Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Amendment Amendment Rejected - House (202 - 220)
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