Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 16, 2023 MI SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 84 Prohibits Individuals with Extreme Risk Protection Orders from Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 83 Establishes State Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 82 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 81 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Sales Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 78 Amends Sentencing Guidelines for Weapons Charges Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 77 Amends Various State Handgun Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 16, 2023 AZ SB 1221 Amends Biometric Laws Regarding Fingerprinting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 4)
March 16, 2023 MI SB 76 Requires Safe Firearm Storage, Background Checks on Unlicensed Gun Sales and Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
March 15, 2023 KY SB 80 Prohibits Registered Sex Offenders from Loitering or Operating a Mobile Business within 1,000 ft. of Schools, Daycares, and Public Playgrounds or Swimming Pools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
March 15, 2023 KY SB 9 Increases Anti-Hazing Laws Bill Passed - House (96 - 3)
March 15, 2023 KY HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
March 15, 2023 IA SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - House (63 - 34)
March 14, 2023 NM HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
March 14, 2023 IA SF 319 Authorizes Drug Testing of Private Sector Employees Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
March 14, 2023 TX SB 2 Classifies Illegal Voting as a Felony Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
March 14, 2023 WI AB 53 Require Schools Report to Law Enforcement Data on Crimes and Incidents that Occur on Their Property Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
March 14, 2023 WI AB 69 Requires Armed School Resource Officers (SRO) in Schools with 25 Percent Incident Arrest Rates Bill Passed - House (59 - 36)
March 13, 2023 GA HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 3)
March 13, 2023 NM SB 64 Prohibits Life Sentences for Juveniles Bill Passed - House (37 - 25)
March 13, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-170 Expands Access to Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-169 Increases Legal Age to Buy Firearms to 21 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
March 13, 2023 CO SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
March 11, 2023 WV HB 3354 Authorizes Municipalities to Combine Operations with Other Municipalities Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 54)
March 11, 2023 WV HB 2218 Increases Penalties for Distracted Driving Concurrence Vote Passed - House (89 - 8)
March 11, 2023 CO HB 23-1219 Establishes a 3-Day Waiting Period to Purchase Firearms Bill Passed - House (44 - 20)
March 10, 2023 WV SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
March 10, 2023 WV SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
March 10, 2023 National S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
March 10, 2023 NM HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
March 10, 2023 NM HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
March 9, 2023 WV HB 2218 Increases Penalties for Distracted Driving Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 7)
March 9, 2023 MD SB 290 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Prosecute Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Incidents Resulting in Death Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
March 9, 2023 MD SB 290 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Prosecute Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Incidents Resulting in Death Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
March 9, 2023 National HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
March 8, 2023 MI SB 4 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (64 - 45)
March 8, 2023 National H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
March 8, 2023 NM HB 4 Expands Various Voting Rights Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 14)
March 8, 2023 SC H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
March 8, 2023 SC H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
March 8, 2023 WA HB 1241 Establishes Harassing Election Workers as a Felony Crime Bill Passed - House (90 - 7)
March 8, 2023 WA HB 1112 Authorizes New Penalties for Negligent Driving Bill Passed - House (86 - 11)
March 8, 2023 WA HB 1112 Authorizes New Penalties for Negligent Driving Bill Passed - House (86 - 11)
March 8, 2023 WA SB 5352 Expands Police Chase Protections for Law Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 23)
March 8, 2023 WA HB 1240 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
March 7, 2023 SD SB 1 Expands Definition of Who Can Access Medical Marijuana Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 7, 2023 MS SB 2523 Increases Penalties for Illegal Pecan Harvesting Bill Passed - House (104 - 5)
March 7, 2023 MS HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
March 7, 2023 IA SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
March 7, 2023 WA HB 1479 Prohibits Restraint or Isolation of Students in Public Schools and Educational Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
March 7, 2023 WA HB 1143 Establishes a 10-Day Waiting Period for Buying or Transferring Firearms Bill Passed - House (52 - 44)
March 7, 2023 KY HB 262 Amends State Statute Laws to Add the Crime of Vehicular Homicide Bill Passed - House (89 - 5)
March 7, 2023 HI SB 1 Prohibits the State from Cooperating with Out-of-State Abortion Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 3)
March 7, 2023 HI SB 926 Authorizes Jaywalking if No Danger to Pedestrians Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 3)
March 7, 2023 HI HB 1336 Reduces the Number of Unnecessary Arrests by Replacing Misdemeanor Arrests with Tickets Bill Passed - House (32 - 19)
March 6, 2023 SD SB 4 Amends Court Authority to Commit a Juvenile Habitual Offender to the Department of Corrections Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
March 6, 2023 SD SB 1 Expands Definition of Who Can Access Medical Marijuana Program Bill Passed - House (36 - 32)
March 6, 2023 SD SB 91 Increases Criminal Penalties for Rape Bill Passed - House (66 - 2)
March 6, 2023 SD SB 207 Establishes Penalties for Appropriating Public Funds to Influence an Election Result Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
March 6, 2023 TN HB 1189 Establishes Legal Protections for Gun Dealers, Manufacturers and Sellers Against Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (71 - 24)
March 6, 2023 GA HB 462 Requires 17 Year-Olds Accused of Certain Crimes to be Sent to Juvenile Court Bill Passed - House (145 - 22)
March 6, 2023 GA HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
March 6, 2023 GA HB 231 Establishes a Prosecuting Attorneys Oversight Commission Bill Passed - House (98 - 75)
March 6, 2023 ID S 1056 Repeals State Law that Prohibits Local Groups from Carrying Firearms in Public Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 374 Repeals and Dissolves the Unified Police Department of Greater Salt Lake by 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 5)
March 3, 2023 UT SB 250 Prohibits Certain Government Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (68 - 3)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 195 Requires School Employees Who are Under Criminal Investigation To Be Put On Paid Leave Bill Failed - Senate (13 - 14)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
March 3, 2023 NM HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
March 3, 2023 NM HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
March 3, 2023 ID H 186 Authorizes Execution by Firing Squad Bill Passed - House (50 - 15)
March 3, 2023 WA HB 1394 Establishes a Developmentally Appropriate Response to Youth Who Commit Sexual Offenses Bill Passed - House (60 - 38)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/16 SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 85 Increases Penalties for False Statements in Support of Extreme Risk Protection Rrders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 84 Prohibits Individuals with Extreme Risk Protection Orders from Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 83 Establishes State Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 82 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
3/16 SB 81 Exempts Firearm Safety Devices from the State Sales Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
3/16 SB 78 Amends Sentencing Guidelines for Weapons Charges Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 77 Amends Various State Handgun Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/16 SB 1221 Amends Biometric Laws Regarding Fingerprinting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 4)
3/16 SB 76 Requires Safe Firearm Storage, Background Checks on Unlicensed Gun Sales and Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
3/15 SB 80 Prohibits Registered Sex Offenders from Loitering or Operating a Mobile Business within 1,000 ft. of Schools, Daycares, and Public Playgrounds or Swimming Pools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
3/15 SB 9 Increases Anti-Hazing Laws Bill Passed - House (96 - 3)
3/15 HB 153 Prohibits Any Federal Ban or Regulation on Firearms Enacted in 2021 or After Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
3/15 SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - House (63 - 34)
3/14 HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
3/14 SF 319 Authorizes Drug Testing of Private Sector Employees Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
3/14 SB 2 Classifies Illegal Voting as a Felony Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
3/14 AB 53 Require Schools Report to Law Enforcement Data on Crimes and Incidents that Occur on Their Property Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
3/14 AB 69 Requires Armed School Resource Officers (SRO) in Schools with 25 Percent Incident Arrest Rates Bill Passed - House (59 - 36)
3/13 HB 147 Requires All Schools Submit School Safety Plans and Active Shooter Drills Annually Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 3)
3/13 SB 64 Prohibits Life Sentences for Juveniles Bill Passed - House (37 - 25)
3/13 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
3/13 SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
3/13 SB 23-170 Expands Access to Extreme Risk Protection Orders Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
3/13 SB 23-169 Increases Legal Age to Buy Firearms to 21 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
3/13 SB 23-168 Repeals Current Limits on Product Liability Actions Against Firearm Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
3/11 HB 3354 Authorizes Municipalities to Combine Operations with Other Municipalities Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 54)
3/11 HB 2218 Increases Penalties for Distracted Driving Concurrence Vote Passed - House (89 - 8)
3/11 HB 23-1219 Establishes a 3-Day Waiting Period to Purchase Firearms Bill Passed - House (44 - 20)
3/10 SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
3/10 SB 608 Amends the Definition for What is Considered a "Deadly Weapon" Bill Passed - House (92 - 3)
3/10 S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
3/10 HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
3/10 HB 306 Prohibits Purchasing a Firearm for Someone Who is Not Allowed or Intends to Use it in a Crime Bill Passed - House (62 - 3)
3/09 HB 2218 Increases Penalties for Distracted Driving Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 7)
3/09 SB 290 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Prosecute Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Incidents Resulting in Death Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
3/09 SB 290 Authorizes the State Attorney General to Prosecute Law Enforcement Officers Involved in Incidents Resulting in Death Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 20)
3/09 HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
3/08 SB 4 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (64 - 45)
3/08 H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
3/08 HB 4 Expands Various Voting Rights Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 14)
3/08 H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
3/08 H 3014 Authorizes Additional Penalties for Perpetrators of Hate Crimes Bill Passed - House (84 - 31)
3/08 HB 1241 Establishes Harassing Election Workers as a Felony Crime Bill Passed - House (90 - 7)
3/08 HB 1112 Authorizes New Penalties for Negligent Driving Bill Passed - House (86 - 11)
3/08 HB 1112 Authorizes New Penalties for Negligent Driving Bill Passed - House (86 - 11)
3/08 SB 5352 Expands Police Chase Protections for Law Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 23)
3/08 HB 1240 Prohibits the Sale, Manufacture, Delivery and Purchase of Assault Weapons Across the State Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
3/07 SB 1 Expands Definition of Who Can Access Medical Marijuana Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/07 SB 2523 Increases Penalties for Illegal Pecan Harvesting Bill Passed - House (104 - 5)
3/07 HB 1020 Establishes a Court System of Unelected Judges and Prosecutors for the City of Jackson, Mississippi Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
3/07 SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
3/07 HB 1479 Prohibits Restraint or Isolation of Students in Public Schools and Educational Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
3/07 HB 1143 Establishes a 10-Day Waiting Period for Buying or Transferring Firearms Bill Passed - House (52 - 44)
3/07 HB 262 Amends State Statute Laws to Add the Crime of Vehicular Homicide Bill Passed - House (89 - 5)
3/07 SB 1 Prohibits the State from Cooperating with Out-of-State Abortion Lawsuits Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 3)
3/07 SB 926 Authorizes Jaywalking if No Danger to Pedestrians Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 3)
3/07 HB 1336 Reduces the Number of Unnecessary Arrests by Replacing Misdemeanor Arrests with Tickets Bill Passed - House (32 - 19)
3/06 SB 4 Amends Court Authority to Commit a Juvenile Habitual Offender to the Department of Corrections Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
3/06 SB 1 Expands Definition of Who Can Access Medical Marijuana Program Bill Passed - House (36 - 32)
3/06 SB 91 Increases Criminal Penalties for Rape Bill Passed - House (66 - 2)
3/06 SB 207 Establishes Penalties for Appropriating Public Funds to Influence an Election Result Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
3/06 HB 1189 Establishes Legal Protections for Gun Dealers, Manufacturers and Sellers Against Lawsuits Bill Passed - House (71 - 24)
3/06 HB 462 Requires 17 Year-Olds Accused of Certain Crimes to be Sent to Juvenile Court Bill Passed - House (145 - 22)
3/06 HB 30 Defines "Antisemitism" into State Law Bill Passed - House (136 - 22)
3/06 HB 231 Establishes a Prosecuting Attorneys Oversight Commission Bill Passed - House (98 - 75)
3/06 S 1056 Repeals State Law that Prohibits Local Groups from Carrying Firearms in Public Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
3/03 HB 374 Repeals and Dissolves the Unified Police Department of Greater Salt Lake by 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 5)
3/03 SB 250 Prohibits Certain Government Surveillance Systems Bill Passed - House (68 - 3)
3/03 HB 195 Requires School Employees Who are Under Criminal Investigation To Be Put On Paid Leave Bill Failed - Senate (13 - 14)
3/03 HB 219 Establishes Utah as a Second Amendment Sanctuary State Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
3/03 HB 9 Establishes Negligently Leaving a Firearm Accessible for a Minor as a Crime Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
3/03 HB 207 Prohibits Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity Bill Passed - House (47 - 20)
3/03 H 186 Authorizes Execution by Firing Squad Bill Passed - House (50 - 15)
3/03 HB 1394 Establishes a Developmentally Appropriate Response to Youth Who Commit Sexual Offenses Bill Passed - House (60 - 38)

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