Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 5, 2024 IN HB 1019 Prohibits the Sale of Beverages on Private Property Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
Feb. 1, 2024 National HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
Feb. 1, 2024 VA HB 110 Repeals the State Prohibition on For-Profit Surrogacy Brokers Bill Passed - House (50 - 48)
Jan. 31, 2024 MS HB 539 Expands Eligibility for Ambulatory Prenatal Care Bill Passed - House (117 - 5)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (357 - 70)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
Jan. 31, 2024 MS HB 539 Expands Eligibility for Ambulatory Prenatal Care Bill Passed - House (117 - 5)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
Jan. 30, 2024 KY HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
Jan. 30, 2024 National HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
Jan. 26, 2024 UT HB 257 Requires Students Use the Same Restroom that Aligns with Their Sex at Birth Conference Report Adopted - House (58 - 16)
Jan. 25, 2024 KY HB 5 Increases Penalties for Violent Crimes and Camping on Public Property Without Permission Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
Jan. 25, 2024 WI AB 480 Expands the State Home Purchase Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (64 - 35)
Jan. 24, 2024 WI AB 415 Establishes a 5-Member Advisory Commission to Examine State Legislative District Maps Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 35)
Jan. 23, 2024 SD SB 3 Extends the Length of Time Allowed for a Tax Agreement with an Indigenous Tribe Bill Passed - House (67 - 1)
Jan. 23, 2024 KY HB 18 Prohibits Local Governments from Prohibiting Source-of-Income Discrimination in Housing Bill Passed - House (74 - 20)
Jan. 18, 2024 KS HB 2284 Establishes a State Flat Tax Conference Report Adopted - House (81 - 37)
Jan. 18, 2024 WI AB 510 Establishes Parental Bill of Rights in Their Child's Religion, Medical care, Records and Education Bill Passed - House (62 - 35)
Jan. 18, 2024 National HR 6918 Supporting Pregnant and Parenting Women and Families Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 208)
Jan. 17, 2024 National H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
Jan. 17, 2024 SC H 4624 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (82 - 23)
Jan. 16, 2024 SD HB 1041 Amends the Definition of Public Infrastructure to Allow Federally Recognized Tribe be Eligible for Housing Infrastructure Grants Bill Passed - House (52 - 17)
Jan. 11, 2024 VT H 27 Expands the Definition of Domestic Violence to Include "Coercive and Controlling Behavior" Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
Jan. 10, 2024 OH HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Veto Override Passed - House (65 - 28)
Jan. 10, 2024 MA H 4241 Prohibits Revenge Porn and Increases Penalties Bill Passed - House (151 - 0)
Jan. 8, 2024 WA HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
Jan. 8, 2024 WA HB 1455 Prohibits Child Marriage in the State Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Bill Passed - House (48 - 26)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - House (48 - 24)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 396 Authorizes Classification of Individuals Based on Biological Sex "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (192 - 184)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 368 Authorizes Gender Affirming Care for Minors "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (186 - 188)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 619 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care Until a Minor Turns 18 "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (199 - 175)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 27)
Dec. 13, 2023 National H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 93 Amends Utility Regulations to Shift Payment Requirements from Landlords onto Renters Bill Passed - House (63 - 26)
Dec. 7, 2023 National H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
Dec. 1, 2023 National H Res 878 Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (311 - 114)
Nov. 30, 2023 National HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO SB 23B-002 Requires the State Join the Federal Food Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (44 - 16)
Nov. 19, 2023 CO HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
Nov. 18, 2023 CO HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
Nov. 14, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
Nov. 14, 2023 PA HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - House (87 - 20)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 185 Authorizes Graduate Student Research Assistants and Independent University Contractors to Unionize Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 169 Requires Public Employers Provide Collective Bargaining Representatives with Employee Contact Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5210 Establishes that Children Born Through Surrogacy or Assisted Reproduction are Legal Children for the Purposes of Inheritance Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5209 Establishes Sentencing Guidelines for Surrogate Parentage Contracts involving Minors or Intellectually Disabled Individuals Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5211 Establishes Legal Protections for Children Born Through Surrogacy and Assisted Reproductive Methods like IVF Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5208 Establishes Birth Certificates for Children whose Parentage is Determined Under the Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5214 Authorizes Alleged or Intended Parents of Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy to Sign Legally Binding Acknowledgements of Parentage Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5213 Establishes Procedures for Determining Paternity and Support of State Departments and Agencies Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5212 Repeals Determination of Parentage for Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy from the Revocation of Paternity Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5207 Establishes and Authorizes Assisted Reproduction Including Surrogacy Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5215 Amends Genetic DNA Testing Requirements for Certain Parental Cases Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
Nov. 7, 2023 National H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
Nov. 7, 2023 National H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Not Tabled - House (208 - 213)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 829 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for antisemitic activity, sympathizing with terrorist organizations, and leading an insurrection at the United States Capitol Complex. Resolution Tabled - House (222 - 186)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
Oct. 26, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
Oct. 24, 2023 ND HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
Oct. 18, 2023 MI SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - House (65 - 45)
Oct. 13, 2023 MI HB 4718 Prohibits the Use of the "Gay Panic Defense" to Justify Assault Crimes Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Oct. 12, 2023 WI AB 377 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Oct. 12, 2023 WI AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Oct. 3, 2023 National H Res 757 Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant. Bill Passed - House (216 - 210)
Sept. 29, 2023 National HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 524 Prohibits Employment Discrimination for Those With Family Caregiver Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 17)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 1228 Requires Fast Food Restaurants Share Legal Responsibility when State Labor Laws are Violated Concurrence Vote Passed - House (53 - 17)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Bill Passed - House (63 - 13)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/05 HB 1019 Prohibits the Sale of Beverages on Private Property Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
2/01 HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
2/01 HB 110 Repeals the State Prohibition on For-Profit Surrogacy Brokers Bill Passed - House (50 - 48)
1/31 HB 539 Expands Eligibility for Ambulatory Prenatal Care Bill Passed - House (117 - 5)
1/31 HR 7024 Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (357 - 70)
1/31 HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
1/31 HB 539 Expands Eligibility for Ambulatory Prenatal Care Bill Passed - House (117 - 5)
1/31 HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
1/30 HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
1/30 HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
1/26 HB 257 Requires Students Use the Same Restroom that Aligns with Their Sex at Birth Conference Report Adopted - House (58 - 16)
1/25 HB 5 Increases Penalties for Violent Crimes and Camping on Public Property Without Permission Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
1/25 AB 480 Expands the State Home Purchase Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (64 - 35)
1/24 AB 415 Establishes a 5-Member Advisory Commission to Examine State Legislative District Maps Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 35)
1/23 SB 3 Extends the Length of Time Allowed for a Tax Agreement with an Indigenous Tribe Bill Passed - House (67 - 1)
1/23 HB 18 Prohibits Local Governments from Prohibiting Source-of-Income Discrimination in Housing Bill Passed - House (74 - 20)
1/18 HB 2284 Establishes a State Flat Tax Conference Report Adopted - House (81 - 37)
1/18 AB 510 Establishes Parental Bill of Rights in Their Child's Religion, Medical care, Records and Education Bill Passed - House (62 - 35)
1/18 HR 6918 Supporting Pregnant and Parenting Women and Families Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 208)
1/17 H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
1/17 H 4624 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (82 - 23)
1/16 HB 1041 Amends the Definition of Public Infrastructure to Allow Federally Recognized Tribe be Eligible for Housing Infrastructure Grants Bill Passed - House (52 - 17)
1/11 H 27 Expands the Definition of Domestic Violence to Include "Coercive and Controlling Behavior" Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
1/10 HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Veto Override Passed - House (65 - 28)
1/10 H 4241 Prohibits Revenge Porn and Increases Penalties Bill Passed - House (151 - 0)
1/08 HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
1/08 HB 1455 Prohibits Child Marriage in the State Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
1/08 S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Bill Passed - House (48 - 26)
1/08 A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - House (48 - 24)
1/04 HB 396 Authorizes Classification of Individuals Based on Biological Sex "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (192 - 184)
1/04 HB 368 Authorizes Gender Affirming Care for Minors "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (186 - 188)
1/04 HB 619 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care Until a Minor Turns 18 "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (199 - 175)
12/13 HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 27)
12/13 H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
12/13 HB 93 Amends Utility Regulations to Shift Payment Requirements from Landlords onto Renters Bill Passed - House (63 - 26)
12/07 H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
12/01 H Res 878 Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (311 - 114)
11/30 HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
11/20 SB 23B-002 Requires the State Join the Federal Food Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (44 - 16)
11/19 HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
11/18 HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
11/14 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
11/14 HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
11/09 SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
11/09 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
11/09 SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - House (87 - 20)
11/09 SB 185 Authorizes Graduate Student Research Assistants and Independent University Contractors to Unionize Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
11/09 SB 169 Requires Public Employers Provide Collective Bargaining Representatives with Employee Contact Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
11/09 HB 5210 Establishes that Children Born Through Surrogacy or Assisted Reproduction are Legal Children for the Purposes of Inheritance Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5209 Establishes Sentencing Guidelines for Surrogate Parentage Contracts involving Minors or Intellectually Disabled Individuals Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5211 Establishes Legal Protections for Children Born Through Surrogacy and Assisted Reproductive Methods like IVF Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5208 Establishes Birth Certificates for Children whose Parentage is Determined Under the Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5214 Authorizes Alleged or Intended Parents of Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy to Sign Legally Binding Acknowledgements of Parentage Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5213 Establishes Procedures for Determining Paternity and Support of State Departments and Agencies Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5212 Repeals Determination of Parentage for Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy from the Revocation of Paternity Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5207 Establishes and Authorizes Assisted Reproduction Including Surrogacy Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5215 Amends Genetic DNA Testing Requirements for Certain Parental Cases Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
11/09 AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
11/07 H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
11/07 H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Not Tabled - House (208 - 213)
11/03 SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
11/01 H Res 829 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for antisemitic activity, sympathizing with terrorist organizations, and leading an insurrection at the United States Capitol Complex. Resolution Tabled - House (222 - 186)
11/01 HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
10/26 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
10/24 HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
10/18 SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - House (65 - 45)
10/13 HB 4718 Prohibits the Use of the "Gay Panic Defense" to Justify Assault Crimes Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
10/12 AB 377 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
10/12 AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
10/03 H Res 757 Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant. Bill Passed - House (216 - 210)
9/29 HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
9/14 AB 524 Prohibits Employment Discrimination for Those With Family Caregiver Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 17)
9/14 AB 1228 Requires Fast Food Restaurants Share Legal Responsibility when State Labor Laws are Violated Concurrence Vote Passed - House (53 - 17)
9/14 SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Bill Passed - House (63 - 13)

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