Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 2, 2023 HI HB 1088 Amends the Commission on Water Resource Management of the Department of Land and Natural Resources Ability to Declare an Emergency Water Shortages Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 4)
May 2, 2023 TX SB 258 Establishes a 1% State Energy Savings Goal by 2030 Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
May 1, 2023 FL HB 1367 Prohibits Littering at Water-Control District Properties or Canal Rights-of-Ways Unless Given Approval Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
April 26, 2023 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 25, 2023 NV SB 269 Amends Prohibitions on the Legal Ways Dogs May be Restrained Bill Passed - Senate (12 - 9)
April 24, 2023 ND HB 1371 Amends State Anti-Corporate Farming Laws to Increase Animal Agriculture Conference Report Adopted - Senate (41 - 5)
April 24, 2023 ND HB 1371 Amends State Anti-Corporate Farming Laws to Increase Animal Agriculture Conference Report Adopted - Senate (41 - 5)
April 20, 2023 ND HB 1515 Authorizes Direct-to-Consumer Sales of Raw Milk Conference Report Adopted - Senate (32 - 14)
April 20, 2023 MN HF 2310 Prohibits Products that Contain Common but Toxic Chemicals Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 29)
April 19, 2023 WA HB 1756 Amends Tax Rules Concerning Clean Energies and Increased Revenue to Local Governments, Schools, and Communities Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
April 19, 2023 WA HB 1756 Amends Tax Rules Concerning Clean Energies and Increased Revenue to Local Governments, Schools, and Communities Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
April 17, 2023 WA SB 5371 Authorizes Protections for Orca Whales Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
April 17, 2023 WA SB 5371 Authorizes Protections for Orca Whales Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
April 14, 2023 WA SB 5144 Requires Battery Producers to Implement Battery Stewardship Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
April 10, 2023 MD SB 781 Expands Offshore Wind Energy Production Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
April 10, 2023 MD SB 222 Requires that Packaging Manufacturers Reduce the Amount of Packing Materials Used by April 1, 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
April 10, 2023 MD SB 611 Establishes the Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 9)
April 10, 2023 MD SB 611 Establishes the Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 9)
April 10, 2023 MD HB 230 Requires the Department of the Environment Adopt Regulations for the Sale of New Zero-Emission, Medium-Duty, and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
April 10, 2023 OR SB 326 Requires Owner of Property Where the Manufacture of Marijuana Takes Place to Clean Up Waste Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
April 7, 2023 MD HB 90 Authorizes Counties and Municipalities to Regulate Invasive Bamboo Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 5)
April 6, 2023 MD SB 424 Establishes an Environmental Product Declaration Assistance Fund and a Maximum Acceptable Global Warming Potential for Certain Construction Materials Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
April 5, 2023 AZ HB 2509 Authorizes the Individual Sale of "Cottage Foods" or Home Baked Goods Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
April 5, 2023 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
April 5, 2023 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
April 5, 2023 TX SB 2015 Establishes a 50% Dispatchable Energy Generation Goal for the ERCOT Grid Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
April 5, 2023 TX SB 6 Establishes the Texas Energy Insurance Program Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
April 5, 2023 TX SB 1287 Requires the Texas Public Utility Commission (PUC) Establish a Cost Cap to Reduce Transmission Costs for Consumers Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
April 5, 2023 TX SB 2015 Establishes a 50% Dispatchable Energy Generation Goal for the ERCOT Grid Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
April 4, 2023 MT SB 557 Amends Environmental Policy Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 20)
April 3, 2023 CO SB 23-163 Classifies Wildlife Officers as State Troopers Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
April 3, 2023 CO SB 23-163 Classifies Wildlife Officers as State Troopers Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
March 30, 2023 CO HB 23-1011 Authorizes Individuals Right to Repair Agriculture Equipment Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 10)
March 30, 2023 ID H 173 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Idaho Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 28, 2023 OR SB 644 Amends Requirements Relating to Wildfire Hazard Mitigation and Accessory Dwelling Units on Land Zoned for Rural Residential Use Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 2)
March 24, 2023 IL SB 1883 Prohibits Human Contact With Bears or Other Nonhuman Primates Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 9)
March 23, 2023 SC S 576 Prohibits Citizens of "Foreign Adversary" Nations from Buying Property in the State Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
March 23, 2023 IL SB 1560 Increases Fees and Oversight on the Timber Buying Industry Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 14)
March 20, 2023 NJ S 3333 Prohibits Water Utility from Taking Certain Action if Utility Doesn't Sign Up for Low Income Household Water Assistance Program. Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
March 15, 2023 OR SB 545 Requires the Oregon Health Authority to Adopt Rules Allowing Restaurants to Allow Consumers to Use Their Own Takeout Containers Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 8)
March 14, 2023 MN HF 5 Expands Access to Free School Lunches Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 26)
March 13, 2023 KY HB 236 Requires Public Pension Investments be based on Financial Risks and Returns not ESG Factors Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
March 13, 2023 AR HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
March 7, 2023 IA SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
March 6, 2023 IA SF 411 Amends Regulation of Energy Sources by Counties and Cities Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 6)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 450 Specifies HOAs Cannot Prohibit Homeowners from Installing Water-Efficient Landscaping Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
March 3, 2023 UT HB 137 Establishes Brine Shrimp as the State Crustacean Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 3)
March 2, 2023 KY SB 4 Requires Permission from the Kentucky Public Service Commission before Retiring Fossil Fuel Electric Generators Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
March 2, 2023 MT SB 301 Amends Property Laws Related to Lakeshore Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/02 HB 1088 Amends the Commission on Water Resource Management of the Department of Land and Natural Resources Ability to Declare an Emergency Water Shortages Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 4)
5/02 SB 258 Establishes a 1% State Energy Savings Goal by 2030 Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
5/01 HB 1367 Prohibits Littering at Water-Control District Properties or Canal Rights-of-Ways Unless Given Approval Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
4/26 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/25 SB 269 Amends Prohibitions on the Legal Ways Dogs May be Restrained Bill Passed - Senate (12 - 9)
4/24 HB 1371 Amends State Anti-Corporate Farming Laws to Increase Animal Agriculture Conference Report Adopted - Senate (41 - 5)
4/24 HB 1371 Amends State Anti-Corporate Farming Laws to Increase Animal Agriculture Conference Report Adopted - Senate (41 - 5)
4/20 HB 1515 Authorizes Direct-to-Consumer Sales of Raw Milk Conference Report Adopted - Senate (32 - 14)
4/20 HF 2310 Prohibits Products that Contain Common but Toxic Chemicals Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 29)
4/19 HB 1756 Amends Tax Rules Concerning Clean Energies and Increased Revenue to Local Governments, Schools, and Communities Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
4/19 HB 1756 Amends Tax Rules Concerning Clean Energies and Increased Revenue to Local Governments, Schools, and Communities Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
4/17 SB 5371 Authorizes Protections for Orca Whales Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
4/17 SB 5371 Authorizes Protections for Orca Whales Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
4/14 SB 5144 Requires Battery Producers to Implement Battery Stewardship Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 6)
4/10 SB 781 Expands Offshore Wind Energy Production Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
4/10 SB 222 Requires that Packaging Manufacturers Reduce the Amount of Packing Materials Used by April 1, 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
4/10 SB 611 Establishes the Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 9)
4/10 SB 611 Establishes the Environmental and Natural Resources Crimes Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 9)
4/10 HB 230 Requires the Department of the Environment Adopt Regulations for the Sale of New Zero-Emission, Medium-Duty, and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 12)
4/10 SB 326 Requires Owner of Property Where the Manufacture of Marijuana Takes Place to Clean Up Waste Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 12)
4/07 HB 90 Authorizes Counties and Municipalities to Regulate Invasive Bamboo Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 5)
4/06 SB 424 Establishes an Environmental Product Declaration Assistance Fund and a Maximum Acceptable Global Warming Potential for Certain Construction Materials Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
4/05 HB 2509 Authorizes the Individual Sale of "Cottage Foods" or Home Baked Goods Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
4/05 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
4/05 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
4/05 SB 2015 Establishes a 50% Dispatchable Energy Generation Goal for the ERCOT Grid Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
4/05 SB 6 Establishes the Texas Energy Insurance Program Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
4/05 SB 1287 Requires the Texas Public Utility Commission (PUC) Establish a Cost Cap to Reduce Transmission Costs for Consumers Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
4/05 SB 2015 Establishes a 50% Dispatchable Energy Generation Goal for the ERCOT Grid Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
4/04 SB 557 Amends Environmental Policy Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 20)
4/03 SB 23-163 Classifies Wildlife Officers as State Troopers Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
4/03 SB 23-163 Classifies Wildlife Officers as State Troopers Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
3/30 HB 23-1011 Authorizes Individuals Right to Repair Agriculture Equipment Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 10)
3/30 H 173 Prohibits Foreign Governments from Buying Agricultural Land in Idaho Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
3/29 H J Res 27 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States' " Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/28 SB 644 Amends Requirements Relating to Wildfire Hazard Mitigation and Accessory Dwelling Units on Land Zoned for Rural Residential Use Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 2)
3/24 SB 1883 Prohibits Human Contact With Bears or Other Nonhuman Primates Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 9)
3/23 S 576 Prohibits Citizens of "Foreign Adversary" Nations from Buying Property in the State Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
3/23 SB 1560 Increases Fees and Oversight on the Timber Buying Industry Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 14)
3/20 S 3333 Prohibits Water Utility from Taking Certain Action if Utility Doesn't Sign Up for Low Income Household Water Assistance Program. Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
3/15 SB 545 Requires the Oregon Health Authority to Adopt Rules Allowing Restaurants to Allow Consumers to Use Their Own Takeout Containers Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 8)
3/14 HF 5 Expands Access to Free School Lunches Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 26)
3/13 HB 236 Requires Public Pension Investments be based on Financial Risks and Returns not ESG Factors Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
3/13 HB 1307 Requires the State Divest from Financial Companies that Follow Certain Sociopolitical Guidelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
3/07 SF 507 Prohibits Investment of Public Funds from Management by Firms that Account for "Environmental, Social and Governance Factors" Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 16)
3/06 SF 411 Amends Regulation of Energy Sources by Counties and Cities Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 6)
3/03 HB 450 Specifies HOAs Cannot Prohibit Homeowners from Installing Water-Efficient Landscaping Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 6)
3/03 HB 137 Establishes Brine Shrimp as the State Crustacean Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 3)
3/02 SB 4 Requires Permission from the Kentucky Public Service Commission before Retiring Fossil Fuel Electric Generators Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
3/02 SB 301 Amends Property Laws Related to Lakeshore Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)

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