Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 23, 2024 VA HB 25 Authorizes the Permanent Establishment of the State Sales Tax Holiday Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
Jan. 18, 2024 KS HB 2284 Establishes a State Flat Tax Conference Report Adopted - House (81 - 37)
Jan. 18, 2024 National HR 2872 Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes. Concurrence Vote Passed - House (314 - 108)
Jan. 18, 2024 SD HB 1001 Reduces the State Sales Tax Rate to 4.2% Bill Passed - House (54 - 12)
Jan. 9, 2024 FL HCR 703 Alleges Support for a Balanced Budget Constitutional Convention Joint Resolution Passed - House (80 - 33)
Dec. 13, 2023 PA HB 301 Appropriates Millions for Various State Education Funding Costs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (175 - 28)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO HB 23B-1003 Establishes a Task Force to Study and Develop Potential Long-Term "Permanent and Sustainable" Property Tax Plans Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 17)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO SB 23B-001 Reduces State Property Taxes for 2023 Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO SB 23B-003 Amends TABOR Refund Amounts to be Identical Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
Nov. 18, 2023 CO HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6363 Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (336 - 95)
Nov. 14, 2023 PA HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
Nov. 3, 2023 National HR 4821 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (213 - 203)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
Oct. 25, 2023 ND SB 2393 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 State Budget Bill Passed - House (82 - 7)
Oct. 24, 2023 ND HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
Oct. 4, 2023 PA HB 27 Appropriates Funding for State K-12 Public Education System Concurrence Vote Passed - House (106 - 97)
Oct. 4, 2023 PA HB 1456 Appropriates $45 Billion for the State Budget Bill Passed - House (115 - 88)
Sept. 30, 2023 National HR 5860 Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act Bill Passed - House (335 - 91)
Sept. 29, 2023 National HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4665 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (216 - 212)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
Sept. 22, 2023 NC HB 259 Appropriates $30 Billion for the 2023-2024 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 40)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 531 Appropriates $6.4 Billion in Bonds to Build Infrastructure for 10,000 New Behavioral Health Treatment Slots Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 8)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA ACA 13 Requires Ballot Measures Aiming to Raise the Threshold for New Taxes to Pass by the Same Threshold Concurrence Vote Passed - House (55 - 19)
Sept. 7, 2023 CA AB 28 Establishes an 11% Tax on Firearm and Ammunition Purchases in California Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
Sept. 6, 2023 CA ACA 1 Repeals Barriers Over Local Governments Ability to Impose Taxes to Fund Housing and Transportation Projects Amendment Adopted - House (55 - 12)
July 25, 2023 ME LD 1610 Prohibits Campaign Spending by Foreign Governments and Establishes an Anticorruption Amendment in the State Constitution Veto Override Failed - House (73 - 50)
July 18, 2023 LA HB 166 Requires Detailed Accounting of Revenue Available to Lawmakers to Spend Each Fiscal Cycle Veto Override Failed - House (69 - 29)
July 6, 2023 ME LD 258 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 State Budget Bill Passed - House (80 - 58)
July 5, 2023 PA HB 611 Appropriates Funding for the General Budget for the State of Pennsylvania Concurrence Vote Passed - House (117 - 86)
June 30, 2023 OH HB 33 Establishes Operating Appropriations for Fiscal Years 2024-2025 Conference Report Adopted - House (67 - 30)
June 29, 2023 WI SB 70 Appropriates Funds for the 2023 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 34)
June 27, 2023 CA AB 102 Appropriate Funds for the 2023 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 14)
June 25, 2023 OR SB 5506 Appropriates Additional Resources for the Emergency Board Bill Passed - House (40 - 7)
June 25, 2023 OR SB 5506 Appropriates Additional Resources for the Emergency Board Bill Passed - House (40 - 7)
June 22, 2023 OR SB 556 Prohibits the Department of Human Services From Using Specified Money Intended for Children in Foster Care for Maintenance Costs Bill Passed - House (51 - 3)
June 22, 2023 DE HB 196 Appropriates Funds for Statewide Projects Bill Passed - House (33 - 7)
June 21, 2023 OR SB 1 Authorizes Personal Income Taxpayers to Voluntarily Report Taxpayers Self-Identified Race and Ethnicity Bill Passed - House (31 - 18)
June 21, 2023 DE SB 72 Establishes a Tax Credit for Dues-paying Union Members Bill Passed - House (26 - 12)
June 20, 2023 VT H 494 Appropriates $8 Billion for 2024 State Budget Veto Override Passed - House (105 - 42)
June 20, 2023 OR SB 5532 Appropriates Money Relating to the Financial Administration of the Public Defense Services Commission Bill Passed - House (43 - 11)
June 14, 2023 WI AB 245 Establishes a New City and County Tax to Pay for Underfunded Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 26)
June 14, 2023 NC HB 140 Authorizes Civilian Traffic Investigators Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 6)
June 14, 2023 NV SB 1 Appropriates Millions in Public Funding for a New Stadium Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
June 13, 2023 PA HB 1131 Establishes the Pennsylvania Department of Health Bill Passed - House (199 - 4)
June 12, 2023 PA HB 1259 Establishes the Pennsylvania Child and Dependent Care Enhancement Tax Credit Program Bill Passed - House (141 - 62)
June 9, 2023 RI H 5200 Appropriates Funds for the 2024 State Budget Bill Passed - House (68 - 4)
June 7, 2023 CT HB 5003 Increases Education Funding By Changing Formula for Funding and Removing Tuition Bill Passed - House (121 - 30)
June 7, 2023 PA HB 849 Appropriates $100 Million in Funding for Mental Health Services Bill Passed - House (173 - 30)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 246 Establishes the North Las Vegas Work Development Program Bill Passed - House (23 - 19)
June 5, 2023 NV SB 341 Appropriates Over $20 Million in Additional State Funding for Local Nonprofit Organizations Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
June 3, 2023 CT SB 998 Establishes a Tax Abatement for Certain Conservation Easements and Amends Affordable Housing Regulations for Residents Bill Passed - House (76 - 70)
June 3, 2023 NV AB 527 Amends Rules Regarding the Preparation of the State Budget Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
May 31, 2023 NV AB 232 Establishes New Rules Regarding Premium Tobacco Products Bill Passed - House (35 - 7)
May 31, 2023 National HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
May 27, 2023 IL SB 250 Appropriates $50.7 Billion for General State Budget Bill Passed - House (73 - 38)
May 24, 2023 NV SB 272 Requires a State Agency to Post Certain Information on its Internet Website Relating to Certain Purchasing Contracts Bill Passed - House (24 - 14)
May 20, 2023 MN HF 1938 Amends State Tax Policies and Rebate Check Requirements Bill Passed - House (69 - 63)
May 18, 2023 AK HB 39 Appropriates Funds for the State Government and for Certain Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (26 - 14)
May 16, 2023 MN SF 2909 Appropriates Funding for the State Public Safety Omnibus Bill Bill Passed - House (69 - 63)
May 11, 2023 National HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
May 10, 2023 SC S 284 Authorizes Tourist Tax Revenue to be Used for Certain Developments and Workforce Housing Bill Passed - House (80 - 29)
May 9, 2023 IL SB 1665 Exempts Unconditional Subsidies from Medical Financial Assistance Considerations Bill Passed - House (68 - 40)
May 9, 2023 VT S 100 Expands Affordable Housing Access Bill Passed - House (135 - 11)
May 8, 2023 CO SB 23-303 Reduces Property Taxes And Authorizes a Voter-Approved Revenue Change Bill Passed - House (39 - 7)
May 8, 2023 MO SB 190 Authorizes Counties to Repeal the Property Tax Rates of Missouri Seniors 65 and Older Bill Passed - House (110 - 45)
May 7, 2023 CO HB 23-1189 Establishes an Income Tax Credit for Employer Assistance to Employees in Making a Home Purchase Concurrence Vote Passed - House (47 - 16)
May 7, 2023 CO HB 23-1311 Increases State Funding for Tax Relief to Equalize Refund Payments Amounts Bill Passed - House (44 - 17)
May 4, 2023 MO SB 94 Establishes Tax Credits for the Film and Music Industry Bill Passed - House (113 - 45)
May 3, 2023 IA SF 578 Amends Various State Finance Laws and Authorizes Appropriations for Spending Bill Passed - House (55 - 38)
May 3, 2023 IA SF 560 Appropriates Funding for State Department of Education Bill Passed - House (59 - 33)
May 2, 2023 MT HB 819 Establishes the Montana Community Reinvestment Act to Fund Workforce Housing Conference Report Adopted - House (58 - 38)
May 2, 2023 MT HB 2 Appropriates $14 Billion for Fiscal Year 2023-2024 General Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 8)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/23 HB 25 Authorizes the Permanent Establishment of the State Sales Tax Holiday Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
1/18 HB 2284 Establishes a State Flat Tax Conference Report Adopted - House (81 - 37)
1/18 HR 2872 Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes. Concurrence Vote Passed - House (314 - 108)
1/18 HB 1001 Reduces the State Sales Tax Rate to 4.2% Bill Passed - House (54 - 12)
1/09 HCR 703 Alleges Support for a Balanced Budget Constitutional Convention Joint Resolution Passed - House (80 - 33)
12/13 HB 301 Appropriates Millions for Various State Education Funding Costs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (175 - 28)
11/20 HB 23B-1003 Establishes a Task Force to Study and Develop Potential Long-Term "Permanent and Sustainable" Property Tax Plans Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 17)
11/20 SB 23B-001 Reduces State Property Taxes for 2023 Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
11/20 SB 23B-003 Amends TABOR Refund Amounts to be Identical Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
11/18 HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
11/14 HR 6363 Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (336 - 95)
11/14 HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
11/03 HR 4821 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (213 - 203)
11/01 HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
10/25 SB 2393 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 State Budget Bill Passed - House (82 - 7)
10/24 HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
10/04 HB 27 Appropriates Funding for State K-12 Public Education System Concurrence Vote Passed - House (106 - 97)
10/04 HB 1456 Appropriates $45 Billion for the State Budget Bill Passed - House (115 - 88)
9/30 HR 5860 Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act Bill Passed - House (335 - 91)
9/29 HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
9/28 HR 4665 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (216 - 212)
9/28 HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
9/28 HR 4365 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (218 - 210)
9/22 HB 259 Appropriates $30 Billion for the 2023-2024 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 40)
9/14 AB 531 Appropriates $6.4 Billion in Bonds to Build Infrastructure for 10,000 New Behavioral Health Treatment Slots Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 8)
9/14 ACA 13 Requires Ballot Measures Aiming to Raise the Threshold for New Taxes to Pass by the Same Threshold Concurrence Vote Passed - House (55 - 19)
9/07 AB 28 Establishes an 11% Tax on Firearm and Ammunition Purchases in California Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
9/06 ACA 1 Repeals Barriers Over Local Governments Ability to Impose Taxes to Fund Housing and Transportation Projects Amendment Adopted - House (55 - 12)
7/25 LD 1610 Prohibits Campaign Spending by Foreign Governments and Establishes an Anticorruption Amendment in the State Constitution Veto Override Failed - House (73 - 50)
7/18 HB 166 Requires Detailed Accounting of Revenue Available to Lawmakers to Spend Each Fiscal Cycle Veto Override Failed - House (69 - 29)
7/06 LD 258 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2023-2025 State Budget Bill Passed - House (80 - 58)
7/05 HB 611 Appropriates Funding for the General Budget for the State of Pennsylvania Concurrence Vote Passed - House (117 - 86)
6/30 HB 33 Establishes Operating Appropriations for Fiscal Years 2024-2025 Conference Report Adopted - House (67 - 30)
6/29 SB 70 Appropriates Funds for the 2023 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 34)
6/27 AB 102 Appropriate Funds for the 2023 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 14)
6/25 SB 5506 Appropriates Additional Resources for the Emergency Board Bill Passed - House (40 - 7)
6/25 SB 5506 Appropriates Additional Resources for the Emergency Board Bill Passed - House (40 - 7)
6/22 SB 556 Prohibits the Department of Human Services From Using Specified Money Intended for Children in Foster Care for Maintenance Costs Bill Passed - House (51 - 3)
6/22 HB 196 Appropriates Funds for Statewide Projects Bill Passed - House (33 - 7)
6/21 SB 1 Authorizes Personal Income Taxpayers to Voluntarily Report Taxpayers Self-Identified Race and Ethnicity Bill Passed - House (31 - 18)
6/21 SB 72 Establishes a Tax Credit for Dues-paying Union Members Bill Passed - House (26 - 12)
6/20 H 494 Appropriates $8 Billion for 2024 State Budget Veto Override Passed - House (105 - 42)
6/20 SB 5532 Appropriates Money Relating to the Financial Administration of the Public Defense Services Commission Bill Passed - House (43 - 11)
6/14 AB 245 Establishes a New City and County Tax to Pay for Underfunded Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (68 - 26)
6/14 HB 140 Authorizes Civilian Traffic Investigators Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 6)
6/14 SB 1 Appropriates Millions in Public Funding for a New Stadium Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
6/13 HB 1131 Establishes the Pennsylvania Department of Health Bill Passed - House (199 - 4)
6/12 HB 1259 Establishes the Pennsylvania Child and Dependent Care Enhancement Tax Credit Program Bill Passed - House (141 - 62)
6/09 H 5200 Appropriates Funds for the 2024 State Budget Bill Passed - House (68 - 4)
6/07 HB 5003 Increases Education Funding By Changing Formula for Funding and Removing Tuition Bill Passed - House (121 - 30)
6/07 HB 849 Appropriates $100 Million in Funding for Mental Health Services Bill Passed - House (173 - 30)
6/05 SB 246 Establishes the North Las Vegas Work Development Program Bill Passed - House (23 - 19)
6/05 SB 341 Appropriates Over $20 Million in Additional State Funding for Local Nonprofit Organizations Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
6/03 SB 998 Establishes a Tax Abatement for Certain Conservation Easements and Amends Affordable Housing Regulations for Residents Bill Passed - House (76 - 70)
6/03 AB 527 Amends Rules Regarding the Preparation of the State Budget Bill Passed - House (28 - 14)
5/31 AB 232 Establishes New Rules Regarding Premium Tobacco Products Bill Passed - House (35 - 7)
5/31 HR 3746 Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (314 - 117)
5/27 SB 250 Appropriates $50.7 Billion for General State Budget Bill Passed - House (73 - 38)
5/24 SB 272 Requires a State Agency to Post Certain Information on its Internet Website Relating to Certain Purchasing Contracts Bill Passed - House (24 - 14)
5/20 HF 1938 Amends State Tax Policies and Rebate Check Requirements Bill Passed - House (69 - 63)
5/18 HB 39 Appropriates Funds for the State Government and for Certain Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (26 - 14)
5/16 SF 2909 Appropriates Funding for the State Public Safety Omnibus Bill Bill Passed - House (69 - 63)
5/11 HR 1163 Protecting Taxpayers and Victims of Unemployment Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (230 - 200)
5/10 S 284 Authorizes Tourist Tax Revenue to be Used for Certain Developments and Workforce Housing Bill Passed - House (80 - 29)
5/09 SB 1665 Exempts Unconditional Subsidies from Medical Financial Assistance Considerations Bill Passed - House (68 - 40)
5/09 S 100 Expands Affordable Housing Access Bill Passed - House (135 - 11)
5/08 SB 23-303 Reduces Property Taxes And Authorizes a Voter-Approved Revenue Change Bill Passed - House (39 - 7)
5/08 SB 190 Authorizes Counties to Repeal the Property Tax Rates of Missouri Seniors 65 and Older Bill Passed - House (110 - 45)
5/07 HB 23-1189 Establishes an Income Tax Credit for Employer Assistance to Employees in Making a Home Purchase Concurrence Vote Passed - House (47 - 16)
5/07 HB 23-1311 Increases State Funding for Tax Relief to Equalize Refund Payments Amounts Bill Passed - House (44 - 17)
5/04 SB 94 Establishes Tax Credits for the Film and Music Industry Bill Passed - House (113 - 45)
5/03 SF 578 Amends Various State Finance Laws and Authorizes Appropriations for Spending Bill Passed - House (55 - 38)
5/03 SF 560 Appropriates Funding for State Department of Education Bill Passed - House (59 - 33)
5/02 HB 819 Establishes the Montana Community Reinvestment Act to Fund Workforce Housing Conference Report Adopted - House (58 - 38)
5/02 HB 2 Appropriates $14 Billion for Fiscal Year 2023-2024 General Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 8)

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